Chian-Feng Huang1,2, Wei-Chu Chie1, I-Jen Wang3,4,5,6,7. 1. Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan. 2. Miaoli General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Miaoli 36054, Taiwan. 3. Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 24213, Taiwan. 4. School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan. 5. College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan. 6. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan. 7. National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University,Taipei 100, Taiwan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Changing environmental factors are likely responsible for the rising prevalence of allergic diseases in children. However, whether environmental exposures induce allergen sensitizations, and which allergen sensitization is related to the development of allergic diseases, is not clear. The study is aimed to investigate the association between environmental exposure, allergen sensitization, and the development of allergic diseases for further preventive intervention. METHODS: We conducted the Taiwan Childhood Environment and Allergic diseases Study (TCEAS) in kindergarten children in Taiwan. Skin prick tests for 6 allergens were performed. Information on the development of allergic diseases and environmental exposure was collected using standardized questionnaires. Multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate the association between environmental factors, allergen sensitization, and the development of allergic diseases. RESULTS: A total of 3192 children were recruited. 485 (15.2%) children had atopic dermatitis (AD), 1126 (35.3%) had allergic rhinitis (AR), and 552 (17.3%) had asthma. Children with environmental tobacco smoke exposure and fungi on the house wall had a higher risk of asthma, with ORs (95% CIs) of 1.25 (1.03-1.52) and 1.22 (1.01-1.47), respectively. The mite sensitization rate was found to be the highest. Mite sensitization was associated with significant increases in the risks of AD, AR, and asthma, with ORs (95% CIs) of 2.15 (1.53-3.03), 1.94 (1.46-2.58), and 2.31 (1.63-3.29), respectively. Cockroach sensitization also increased the risk of asthma, with an OR (95% CI) of 2.38 (1.01-5.61). Mite sensitization was associated with carpet in the home and fungi on the house wall, and milk sensitization was associated with breastfeeding duration. CONCLUSION: Environmental exposures play a role in the development of allergic diseases. Allergen sensitizations were associated with certain environmental exposures. Early environmental interventions are urgently needed to prevent the development of childhood allergic diseases.
BACKGROUND: Changing environmental factors are likely responsible for the rising prevalence of allergic diseases in children. However, whether environmental exposures induce allergen sensitizations, and which allergen sensitization is related to the development of allergic diseases, is not clear. The study is aimed to investigate the association between environmental exposure, allergen sensitization, and the development of allergic diseases for further preventive intervention. METHODS: We conducted the Taiwan Childhood Environment and Allergic diseases Study (TCEAS) in kindergarten children in Taiwan. Skin prick tests for 6 allergens were performed. Information on the development of allergic diseases and environmental exposure was collected using standardized questionnaires. Multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate the association between environmental factors, allergen sensitization, and the development of allergic diseases. RESULTS: A total of 3192 children were recruited. 485 (15.2%) children had atopic dermatitis (AD), 1126 (35.3%) had allergic rhinitis (AR), and 552 (17.3%) had asthma. Children with environmental tobacco smoke exposure and fungi on the house wall had a higher risk of asthma, with ORs (95% CIs) of 1.25 (1.03-1.52) and 1.22 (1.01-1.47), respectively. The mite sensitization rate was found to be the highest. Mite sensitization was associated with significant increases in the risks of AD, AR, and asthma, with ORs (95% CIs) of 2.15 (1.53-3.03), 1.94 (1.46-2.58), and 2.31 (1.63-3.29), respectively. Cockroach sensitization also increased the risk of asthma, with an OR (95% CI) of 2.38 (1.01-5.61). Mite sensitization was associated with carpet in the home and fungi on the house wall, and milk sensitization was associated with breastfeeding duration. CONCLUSION: Environmental exposures play a role in the development of allergic diseases. Allergen sensitizations were associated with certain environmental exposures. Early environmental interventions are urgently needed to prevent the development of childhood allergic diseases.
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