João Gustavo Claudino1,2, Carlos Alberto Cardoso Filho3, Natália Franco Netto Bittencourt4,5, Luiz Gilherme Gonçalves6, Crislaine Rangel Couto7, Roberto Chiari Quintão8, Guilherme Fialho Reis8, Otaviano de Oliveira Júnior8, Alberto Carlos Amadio3, Daniel Boullosa9,10, Júlio Cerca Serrão3. 1. School of Physical Education and Sport - Laboratory of Biomechanics, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil. claudinojgo@usp.br. 2. Research and Development Department, LOAD CONTROL, Contagem, Minas Gerais, Brazil. claudinojgo@usp.br. 3. School of Physical Education and Sport - Laboratory of Biomechanics, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil. 4. Uni-BH University Center - Physical Therapy Department, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 5. PHAST, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 6. Physiology Department, Botafogo Futebol Clube, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. 7. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 8. Medical Department, Clube Atlético Mineiro, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 9. Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia. 10. Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, INISA, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Given the severe economic and performance implications of hamstring injuries, there are different attempts to identify their risk factors for subsequently developing injury prevention strategies to reduce the risk of these injuries. One of the strategies reported in the scientific literature is the application of interventions with eccentric exercises. To verify the effectiveness of these interventions, different eccentric strength measurements have been used with low-cost devices as alternatives to the widespread used isokinetic dynamometers and the technically limited handheld dynamometers. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to summarize the findings of the scientific literature related to the evaluation of eccentric strength of hamstring muscles with these new technologies. METHODS: Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from inception up to April 2020, were conducted for peer reviewed articles written in English, reporting eccentric strength of hamstrings assessed by devices, different to isokinetic and handheld dynamometers, in athletes. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were finally included in the review with 4 different devices used and 18 parameters identified. The pooled sample consisted of 2893 participants (97% male and 3% female: 22 ± 4 years). The parameters most used were peak force (highest and average), peak torque (average and highest), and between-limb imbalance (left-to-right limb ratio). There is inconsistency regarding the association between eccentric hamstrings strength and both injury risk and athletic performance. There is no standardized definition or standardization of the calculation of the used parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence is insufficient to recommend a practical guide for sports professionals to use these new technologies in their daily routine, due to the need for standardized definitions and calculations. Furthermore, more studies with female athletes are warranted. Despite these limitations, the eccentric strength of hamstring muscles assessed by different devices may be recommended for monitoring the neuromuscular status of athletes.
BACKGROUND: Given the severe economic and performance implications of hamstring injuries, there are different attempts to identify their risk factors for subsequently developing injury prevention strategies to reduce the risk of these injuries. One of the strategies reported in the scientific literature is the application of interventions with eccentric exercises. To verify the effectiveness of these interventions, different eccentric strength measurements have been used with low-cost devices as alternatives to the widespread used isokinetic dynamometers and the technically limited handheld dynamometers. Therefore, the purpose of the present systematic review was to summarize the findings of the scientific literature related to the evaluation of eccentric strength of hamstring muscles with these new technologies. METHODS: Systematic searches through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from inception up to April 2020, were conducted for peer reviewed articles written in English, reporting eccentric strength of hamstrings assessed by devices, different to isokinetic and handheld dynamometers, in athletes. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were finally included in the review with 4 different devices used and 18 parameters identified. The pooled sample consisted of 2893 participants (97% male and 3% female: 22 ± 4 years). The parameters most used were peak force (highest and average), peak torque (average and highest), and between-limb imbalance (left-to-right limb ratio). There is inconsistency regarding the association between eccentric hamstrings strength and both injury risk and athletic performance. There is no standardized definition or standardization of the calculation of the used parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence is insufficient to recommend a practical guide for sports professionals to use these new technologies in their daily routine, due to the need for standardized definitions and calculations. Furthermore, more studies with female athletes are warranted. Despite these limitations, the eccentric strength of hamstring muscles assessed by different devices may be recommended for monitoring the neuromuscular status of athletes.
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