Activation of persulfate by MnOOH: Degradation of organic compounds by nonradical mechanism.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on persulfate (PS) has attracted great attention due to its high efficiency for degradation of organic pollutants. Manganese-based materials have been considered as the desirable catalysts for in-situ chemical oxidation since they are abundant in the earth's crust and environment-friendly. In this study, manganese oxyhydroxide (MnOOH) was used as an activator for PS to degrade p-chloroaniline (PCA) from wastewater. The effects of MnOOH dosage, PS dosage and initial pH on PCA degradation performance were studied. Experimental results showed that PCA degradation efficiency was enhanced by higher MnOOH and PS addition, and the degradation efficiency was slightly inhibited as the initial pH increased from 3 to 9. MnOOH showed excellent stability and reusability when used as the activator of PS. In addition, a comprehensive study was conducted to determine the PS activation mechanism. The results revealed that PS activation by MnOOH followed a nonradical mechanism. No 1O2 was generated, and the main active substance in the reaction was the activated PS molecule on the surface of MnOOH. The hydroxyl group on the catalyst surface acted as a bridge connecting PS and the catalyst, leading to the activation of PS. The intermediates during PCA degradation were also analyzed, and three possible degradation pathways of PCA were proposed. This study expects to deepen the understanding of the PS activation mechanism by manganese oxide, and provides technical support for the practical application of AOPs of manganese-based materials for wastewater treatment.