Nicole Nathan1,2,3,4, Nicole McCarthy5,6, Kirsty Hope7,6, Rachel Sutherland5,7,8,6, Christophe Lecathelinais5,6, Alix Hall7,6, Cassandra Lane5,6, Stewart Trost9, Sze Lin Yoong5,7,8,6, Luke Wolfenden5,7,8,6. 1. Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle; Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia. Nicole.Nathan@health.nsw.gov.au. 2. School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. Nicole.Nathan@health.nsw.gov.au. 3. Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. Nicole.Nathan@health.nsw.gov.au. 4. Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1/Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia. Nicole.Nathan@health.nsw.gov.au. 5. Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle; Locked Bag No. 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia. 6. Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1/Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia. 7. School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. 8. Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. 9. Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at Queensland Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many school-based physical activity (PA) interventions are complex and have modest effects when delivered in real world contexts. A commonly reported barrier to students' PA, particularly among girls, are uniforms that are impractical (e.g. tunic/dress and black leather shoes). Modifying student uniforms may represent a simple intervention to enhance student PA. The primary aim of this trial was to assess the impact of a PA enabling uniform intervention (shorts, polo shirt and sports shoes) on girls' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total PA i.e. counts per minute (cpm). METHODS: A cluster randomized controlled trial was undertaken in 42 primary schools in New South Wales, Australia. Schools were randomized on one school day to the intervention group, where students wore a PA enabling uniform (their sports uniform) or a control group, where students wore their usual traditional uniform. Student PA was measured using wrist-worn Actigraph GT3X and GT9X accelerometers. Linear mixed models controlling for student characteristics were used to examine the effects of the intervention.. RESULTS: Of the 3351 eligible students, 2315 (69.1%) had parental consent and 2180 of these consenting students participated (94.2%) of which 1847 (84.7%) were included in the analysis. For the primary aim the study found no significant differences between girls at schools allocated to the intervention relative to the control on change in MVPA (0.76 min, 95% CI - 0.47 to 1.99, p = 0.22) or cpm (36.99, 95% CI - 13.88 to 87.86, p = 0.15). Exploratory analysis revealed small effects for a number of findings, including significant reduction in sedentary activity (- 1.77, 95% CI - 3.40 to - 0.14, p = 0.035) among all students at schools allocated to the intervention, and non-significant improvements in girls' light intensity PA (1.47 min, 95% CI - 0.06 to 3.00, p = 0.059) and sedentary activity (- 2.23 min; 95% CI - 4.49 to 0.02, p = 0.052). CONCLUSION: The findings suggests that the intervention may yield small improvements in some measure of PA and require substantiation in a larger RCT with longer-term follow-up. The inclusion of additional intervention components may be required to achieve more meaningful effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was prospectively registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12617001266358 1st September 2017.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Many school-based physical activity (PA) interventions are complex and have modest effects when delivered in real world contexts. A commonly reported barrier to students' PA, particularly among girls, are uniforms that are impractical (e.g. tunic/dress and black leather shoes). Modifying student uniforms may represent a simple intervention to enhance student PA. The primary aim of this trial was to assess the impact of a PA enabling uniform intervention (shorts, polo shirt and sports shoes) on girls' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total PA i.e. counts per minute (cpm). METHODS: A cluster randomized controlled trial was undertaken in 42 primary schools in New South Wales, Australia. Schools were randomized on one school day to the intervention group, where students wore a PA enabling uniform (their sports uniform) or a control group, where students wore their usual traditional uniform. Student PA was measured using wrist-worn Actigraph GT3X and GT9X accelerometers. Linear mixed models controlling for student characteristics were used to examine the effects of the intervention.. RESULTS: Of the 3351 eligible students, 2315 (69.1%) had parental consent and 2180 of these consenting students participated (94.2%) of which 1847 (84.7%) were included in the analysis. For the primary aim the study found no significant differences between girls at schools allocated to the intervention relative to the control on change in MVPA (0.76 min, 95% CI - 0.47 to 1.99, p = 0.22) or cpm (36.99, 95% CI - 13.88 to 87.86, p = 0.15). Exploratory analysis revealed small effects for a number of findings, including significant reduction in sedentary activity (- 1.77, 95% CI - 3.40 to - 0.14, p = 0.035) among all students at schools allocated to the intervention, and non-significant improvements in girls' light intensity PA (1.47 min, 95% CI - 0.06 to 3.00, p = 0.059) and sedentary activity (- 2.23 min; 95% CI - 4.49 to 0.02, p = 0.052). CONCLUSION: The findings suggests that the intervention may yield small improvements in some measure of PA and require substantiation in a larger RCT with longer-term follow-up. The inclusion of additional intervention components may be required to achieve more meaningful effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was prospectively registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12617001266358 1st September 2017.
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Authors: Carlos Cristi-Montero; Patricio Solis-Urra; Javier Sanchez-Martinez; Jorge Olivares-Arancibia; Sam Hernández-Jaña; Guillermo Gajardo-Araya; Ximena Palma-Leal; Kabir P Sadarangani; Matias Portela Estinto; Yonatan Encina; Cristian Alvarez; Pedro Delgado-Floody; Nicolas Aguilar-Farias; Gerson Ferrari; Sandra Mahecha-Matsudo; Juan Pablo Zavala-Crichton; Jessica Ibarra-Mora; Maribel Parra-Saldías; Rodrigo Nanjarí-Miranda; Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2022-08-12