Peter Rhee1, Kartik Prabhakaran2, Bellal Joseph3, Abbas Smiley2, Kenji Okumura2, Joshua Klein2, Anthony Policastro2, Gary Lombardo2, Rifat Latifi2. 1. Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, New York Medical College, 100 Woods Rd, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA. peter.rhee@wmchealth.org. 2. Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, Section of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, New York Medical College, 100 Woods Rd, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA. 3. Department of Surgery, Banner Health Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To analyze and report on the changes in epidemiology traumatic causes of death in the USA. METHODS: Data were extracted from the annual National Vital Statistics Reports (2008-2017) from Center for Disease Control and analyzed for trends during the time period given. Generalized additive model was applied to evaluate the significance of trend using R software. RESULTS: Firearm deaths (39,790) and firearm death rate (12.2/100,000) in 2017 were the highest reported, and this increasing trend was significant (p < 0.001) the last ten years. Deaths from motor vehicle crash (MVC) and firearm homicides did not change significantly during the same time period. Firearm deaths were lower than MVC deaths by 21% (8,197/39,790) in 2008, but after 10 years, the difference was only 1% (458/40,231). Years of life lost from firearms is now higher than MVC. Suicides by firearm in 2017 were the highest reported at 23,854/39,773 (60%). In 2017, suicides by firearm victims were predominantly white 20,328/23,562 (85%), men 20,362/23,562 (86%), and the largest group was between the ages of 55-64. CONCLUSIONS: Death from firearms in the USA is increasing and endemic. They were the highest ever reported in 2017 by the CDC. While deaths from MVC used to be the main cause of traumatic death in the USA, deaths from firearms now almost equal it. Calculated years of life lost from firearms is now more than from MVC. Most firearm deaths are not from homicides but are from suicides, and they are predominantly in white older males of the baby boomer generation (born 1946-1964).
BACKGROUND: To analyze and report on the changes in epidemiology traumatic causes of death in the USA. METHODS: Data were extracted from the annual National Vital Statistics Reports (2008-2017) from Center for Disease Control and analyzed for trends during the time period given. Generalized additive model was applied to evaluate the significance of trend using R software. RESULTS: Firearm deaths (39,790) and firearm death rate (12.2/100,000) in 2017 were the highest reported, and this increasing trend was significant (p < 0.001) the last ten years. Deaths from motor vehicle crash (MVC) and firearm homicides did not change significantly during the same time period. Firearm deaths were lower than MVC deaths by 21% (8,197/39,790) in 2008, but after 10 years, the difference was only 1% (458/40,231). Years of life lost from firearms is now higher than MVC. Suicides by firearm in 2017 were the highest reported at 23,854/39,773 (60%). In 2017, suicides by firearm victims were predominantly white 20,328/23,562 (85%), men 20,362/23,562 (86%), and the largest group was between the ages of 55-64. CONCLUSIONS:Death from firearms in the USA is increasing and endemic. They were the highest ever reported in 2017 by the CDC. While deaths from MVC used to be the main cause of traumatic death in the USA, deaths from firearms now almost equal it. Calculated years of life lost from firearms is now more than from MVC. Most firearm deaths are not from homicides but are from suicides, and they are predominantly in white older males of the baby boomer generation (born 1946-1964).