Marco Cavicchioli1, Roberta Ferrucci2,3,4,5, Matteo Guidetti4,6, Maria Paola Canevini2,3, Gabriella Pravettoni7,8, Federica Galli2,7. 1. Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, 20127 Milan, Italy. 2. Asst SS.Paolo e Carlo, S.Paolo Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy. 3. Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy. 4. Aldo Ravelli Center, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy. 5. Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy. 6. Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy. 7. European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milan, Italy. 8. Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology-University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Abstract
Background: The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and related syndrome (COVID-19) has led to worldwide measures with severe consequences for millions of people. In the light of the psychopathological consequences of restrictive measures detected during previous outbreaks, a systematic review was carried out to provide an evidence-based assessment of possible effects of the current COVID-19 quarantine on mental health. Methods: This review included studies that assessed mental health indexes (e.g., overall psychological distress, depressive and PTSD symptoms) during and after quarantine periods adopted to management different outbreaks (e.g., COVID-19, SARS, MERS). Results: Twenty-one independent studies were included for a total of 82,312 subjects. At least 20% of people exposed to restrictive measures for the management of pandemic infections reported clinically significant levels of psychological distress, especially PTSD (21%) and depressive (22.69%) symptoms. Overall, original studies highlighted relevant methodological limitations. Conclusions: Nowadays, almost one out of every five people is at risk of development of clinically significant psychological distress. Further research on mental health after the current COVID-19 quarantine measures is warranted.
Background: The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and related syndrome (COVID-19) has led to worldwide measures with severe consequences for millions of people. In the light of the psychopathological consequences of restrictive measures detected during previous outbreaks, a systematic review was carried out to provide an evidence-based assessment of possible effects of the current COVID-19 quarantine on mental health. Methods: This review included studies that assessed mental health indexes (e.g., overall psychological distress, depressive and PTSD symptoms) during and after quarantine periods adopted to management different outbreaks (e.g., COVID-19, SARS, MERS). Results: Twenty-one independent studies were included for a total of 82,312 subjects. At least 20% of people exposed to restrictive measures for the management of pandemic infections reported clinically significant levels of psychological distress, especially PTSD (21%) and depressive (22.69%) symptoms. Overall, original studies highlighted relevant methodological limitations. Conclusions: Nowadays, almost one out of every five people is at risk of development of clinically significant psychological distress. Further research on mental health after the current COVID-19 quarantine measures is warranted.
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