The first mitochondrial genome for the subfamily Podopinae (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and its phylogenetic implications.

Here, we determined the complete mitogenome of Graphosoma rubrolineata, as the first representative for the subfamily Podopinae. This mitogenome is 15,633 bp long and contains 37 typical mitochondrial genes. The genome size, gene arrangement, A + T content, codon usage and secondary structures of 22 tRNAs of the G. rubrolineata mitogenome were similar to that of other sequenced pentatomoids. This mitogenome exhibited a reverse nucleotide strand bias, i.e. positive GC-skew (0.021) and negative AT-skew (-0.086). Phylogenetic analyses based on mitogenomic data strongly supported the monophyly of each of the five superfamilies within Pentatomomorpha and recognized a phylogeny of (Aradoidea + (Pentatomoidea + (Lygaeoidea + (Pyrrhocoroidea + Coreoidea)))). However, G. rubrolineata clustered with three Pentatominae species, suggesting that Pentatominae probably was not monophyletic, or Podopinae may not be a valid taxonomic group. The mitogenome sequence of G. rubrolineata could contribute for better understanding of population genetics and evolution of this insect pest.