Vaisakh Krishnan1, Padinharath Krishnakumar2, V K Gireeshan3, Biju George4, Salah Basheer5,6. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India. 2. Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (IMHANS), Kozhikode, Kerala, India. krikurp@gmail.com. 3. Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Manjeri, Kerala, India. 4. Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India. 5. Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (IMHANS), Kozhikode, Kerala, India. 6. Department of Child Psychiatry, IQRAA International Hospital and Research Centre, Kozhikode, Kerala, India.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the early social experience and digital media exposure in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in comparison with typically developed children. METHODS: Details of digital-media exposure and early social experience in 65 children with ASD were compared with those in a control group of equal number of typically developed children, matched for age and gender. Prenatal and perinatal factors were also studied. The diagnosis of ASD was based on the International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN) diagnostic tool and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria. Variables which were biologically relevant and has a P value of < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were analyzed by logistic regression to obtain the adjusted effect measures. RESULTS: Children with ASD were exposed to digital media at an earlier age and spent significantly more time with digital media and less time with their mothers, compared to typically developed children. Exposure to digital media before 21 mo was associated with risk of ASD and the risk increased when mothers spent less than 6.5 h per day with the baby. Family history of epilepsy and developmental delay, maternal stress during the antenatal period, and absence of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 mo were significantly more in children with ASD. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in the early life social experience and digital-media exposure in children with ASD compared to typically developed counterparts. Given the reported rise in prevalence of ASD, these findings stress the need for further prospective studies to explore these potentially modifiable risk factors.
OBJECTIVE: To study the early social experience and digital media exposure in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in comparison with typically developed children. METHODS: Details of digital-media exposure and early social experience in 65 children with ASD were compared with those in a control group of equal number of typically developed children, matched for age and gender. Prenatal and perinatal factors were also studied. The diagnosis of ASD was based on the International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN) diagnostic tool and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria. Variables which were biologically relevant and has a P value of < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were analyzed by logistic regression to obtain the adjusted effect measures. RESULTS:Children with ASD were exposed to digital media at an earlier age and spent significantly more time with digital media and less time with their mothers, compared to typically developed children. Exposure to digital media before 21 mo was associated with risk of ASD and the risk increased when mothers spent less than 6.5 h per day with the baby. Family history of epilepsy and developmental delay, maternal stress during the antenatal period, and absence of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 mo were significantly more in children with ASD. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in the early life social experience and digital-media exposure in children with ASD compared to typically developed counterparts. Given the reported rise in prevalence of ASD, these findings stress the need for further prospective studies to explore these potentially modifiable risk factors.
Authors: Kristen Lyall; Lisa Croen; Julie Daniels; M Daniele Fallin; Christine Ladd-Acosta; Brian K Lee; Bo Y Park; Nathaniel W Snyder; Diana Schendel; Heather Volk; Gayle C Windham; Craig Newschaffer Journal: Annu Rev Public Health Date: 2016-12-21 Impact factor: 21.981
Authors: Narendra K Arora; M K C Nair; Sheffali Gulati; Vaishali Deshmukh; Archisman Mohapatra; Devendra Mishra; Vikram Patel; Ravindra M Pandey; Bhagabati C Das; Gauri Divan; G V S Murthy; Thakur D Sharma; Savita Sapra; Satinder Aneja; Monica Juneja; Sunanda K Reddy; Praveen Suman; Sharmila B Mukherjee; Rajib Dasgupta; Poma Tudu; Manoja K Das; Vinod K Bhutani; Maureen S Durkin; Jennifer Pinto-Martin; Donald H Silberberg; Rajesh Sagar; Faruqueuddin Ahmed; Nandita Babu; Sandeep Bavdekar; Vijay Chandra; Zia Chaudhuri; Tanuj Dada; Rashna Dass; M Gourie-Devi; S Remadevi; Jagdish C Gupta; Kumud K Handa; Veena Kalra; Sunil Karande; Ramesh Konanki; Madhuri Kulkarni; Rashmi Kumar; Arti Maria; Muneer A Masoodi; Manju Mehta; Santosh Kumar Mohanty; Harikumaran Nair; Poonam Natarajan; A K Niswade; Atul Prasad; Sanjay K Rai; Paul S S Russell; Rohit Saxena; Shobha Sharma; Arun K Singh; Gautam B Singh; Leena Sumaraj; Saradha Suresh; Alok Thakar; Sujatha Parthasarathy; Bhadresh Vyas; Ansuman Panigrahi; Munish K Saroch; Rajan Shukla; K V Raghava Rao; Maria P Silveira; Samiksha Singh; Vivek Vajaratkar Journal: PLoS Med Date: 2018-07-24 Impact factor: 11.069