| Literature DB >> 33470326 |
Thiago Sant'Anna Coutinho1, Bárbara Cristina Rodrigues de Almeida1, Guilherme Dalcol Torres de Amorim1, Monica Zappa1, Clara Weksler1, Cristiane da Cruz Lamas1,2,3.
Abstract
We present a case report of a patient with an infected mitral valve myxoma and a literature review on the subject. A 33-year-old female presented with a history of fever and dyspnea evolving over a few days. On admission, she had a lupus-like syndrome with positive blood cultures for Haemophilus species . Echocardiogram revealed a giant mass involving both mitral leaflets causing severe regurgitation, requiring biological mitral valve replacement. Microscopy showed an infected myxoma and the patient was discharged asymptomatic upon completion of antibiotics. She did well on follow-up. This is the sixth case of an infected mitral valve myxoma reported in the literature and the third case of a cardiac myxoma infected by the HACEK group. Exceedingly high incidence of embolic events makes prompt imaging, antibiotic therapy and surgery crucial for better outcomes. Time to diagnosis was much briefer than usually reported in other cases of HACEK endocarditis. Valve replacement was the most common surgical procedure and all patients from previous reports did well on follow-up.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2020 PMID: 33470326 PMCID: PMC8133720 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200206
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Arq Bras Cardiol ISSN: 0066-782X Impact factor: 2.000
Figura 1– A) Ecocardiografia com corte apical de quatro câmaras demonstrando insuficiência mitral grave. B) Ecocardiografia com corte apical de quatro câmaras. C) Coloração com hematoxilina-eosina 40x, o mixoma é visto na área azul formada por células estreladas em um estroma mixóide (seta), com infiltração de neutrófilos e necrose (ponta de seta).
– Mixomas valvares mitrais infectados descritos nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS
| Ref. | Autor | Ano/ País | Sexo/ Idade (anos) | Micro-organismo | Diagnóstico | Apresentação | Localização/Cirurgia | Complicações pós-operatórias | Desfecho |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 Brasil | F/33 | Eco Critérios definitivos | Sintomas constitucionais Choque séptico e insuficiência respiratória Regurgitação mitral grave Abscesso esplênico Aneurisma micótico | Folheto anterior Tumor 20x17mm Ressecção do tumor e troca valvar mitral biológica | Sobreviveu NYHA I Sem recorrência Seguimento de 1 ano | ||||
| 1988 Reino Unido | F/17 | Eco Critérios definitivos | Sintomas constitucionais Vômito, diarreia e dor abdominal Sepse Insuficiência mitral | Folheto posterior Tumor de 10mm Ressecção do tumor e anuloplastia | Sem intercorrências | Sobreviveu NYHA I Sem recorrência Seguimento de 9 meses | |||
| 1997 Polônia | F/4 | Eco Critérios definitivos | Sintomas constitucionais Insuficiência cardíaca aguda Regurgitação mitral grave | Ambos os folhetos Tumor 30mm Ressecção do tumor e substituição por válvula mitral mecânica | Sem intercorrências | Sobreviveu NYHA I Sem recorrência Tempo de seguimento não está claro | |||
| 1999 Japão | M/20 | Eco Critérios definitivos | Sintomas constitucionais Síncope Oclusão arterial aguda de membro Regurgitação mitral moderada | Folheto posterior Tumor 20mm Ressecção de tumor e cordas, troca valvar mitral mecânica | Sem intercorrências | Sobreviveu NYHA I Sem recorrência Seguimento de 2 anos | |||
| 2005 China | F/12 | Eco Critérios definitivos | Sintomas constitucionais Insuficiência cardíaca aguda Regurgitação mitral grave | Folheto anterior Tumor de 35x25mm Ressecção do tumor e músculo papilar, troca valvar mitral mecânica e cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio | Sem intercorrências | Sobreviveu Sem dados sobre a classe funcional Sem recorrência Seguimento de 6 anos | |||
| 2007 Turquia | F/12 | Eco Critérios definitivos | Início agudo de febre, suor e fadiga Sepse Regurgitação mitral leve | Folheto anterior Tumor 29x18mm Ressecção de tumor | Rotura de aneurisma sacular de aorta abdominal e infarto renal bilateral (tardio) | Sobreviveu Sem dados sobre a classe funcional Sem recorrência Seguimento de 6 meses |
PR: presente relato; F: feminino; M: masculino; Eco: ecocardiograma; NYHA: classe funcional segundo a New York Heart Association.
Figure 1– A) Apical four-chamber echocardiographic view demonstrating severe mitral regurgitation. B) Apical four-chamber echocardiographic view. C) Hematoxylin eosin staining 40x, myxoma is seen on the blue area formed by stellate cells in a myxoid stroma (arrow), with neutrophil infiltration and necrosis (arrowhead).
– Infected mitral valve myxomas described in MEDLINE and LILACS
| Ref. | Author | Year/ Country | Sex/ Age(y/o) | Organism | Diagnosis | Presentation | Location/Surgery | Postoperative complications | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR | Coutinho | 2020 Brazil | F/33 | Haemophilus spp. | Echo Definitive criteria | Constitutional symptoms Septic shock and respiratory distress Severe mitral regurgitation Splenic abscess Mycotic aneurism | Anterior leaflet 20x17mm tumor Tumor resection and biological mitral valve replacement | Atrial flutter (immediate) Moderate to severe aortic regurgitation (late) | Survived NYHA I No recurrence 1-year follow-up |
| (8) | Ghazi | 1988 UK | F/17 | Haemophilus parainfluenzae | Echo Definitive criteria | Constitutional symptoms Vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain Sepsis Mitral regurgitation | Posterior leaflet 10mm tumor Tumor resection and annuloplasty | Uneventful | Survived NYHA I No recurrence 9-month follow-up |
| (7) | Mrozinski | 1997 Poland | F/4 | Staphylococcus aureus | Echo Definitive criteria | Constitutional symptoms Acute heart failure Severe mitral regurgitation | Both leaflets 30mm tumor Tumor resection and mechanical mitral valve replacement | Uneventful | Survived NYHA I No recurrence Unclear follow-up time |
| (6) | Toda | 1999 Japan | M/20 | Negative blood cultures Bacteria seen on pathology | Echo Definitive criteria | Constitutional symptoms Syncope Acute limb arterial occlusion Moderate mitral regurgitation | Posterior leaflet 20mm tumor Tumor and chordae resection, mechanical mitral valve replacement | Uneventful | Survived NYHA I No recurrence 2-year follow-up |
| (5) | Liu | 2005 China | F/12 | Neisseria lactamica | Echo Definitive criteria | Constitutional symptoms Acute heart failure Severe mitral regurgitation | Anterior leaflet 35x25mm tumor Tumor and papillary muscle resection, mechanical mitral valve replacement and urgent bypass graft surgery | Uneventful | Survived No data on functional status No recurrence 6-year follow-up |
| (4) | Guler | 2007 Turkey | F/12 | Staphylococcus aureus | Echo Definitive criteria | Acute onset of fever, sweating and fatigue Sepsis Mild mitral regurgitation | Anterior leaflet 29x18mm tumor Tumor resection | Ruptured saccular abdominal aortic aneurysm and bilateral renal infarction (late) | Survived No data on functional status No recurrence 6-moth follow-up |
PR: present report; F: female; M: male; N/D: no data; Echo: echocardiogram; NYHA: New York Heart Association functional class.