Philippe Golay1,2,3, Mihaela Moga4, Celia Devas4, Mélissa Staecheli4, Yasmine Poisat4, Marie Israël5, Caroline Suter6, Benedetta Silva4, Stéphane Morandi4, Pascale Ferrari4,6, Jérôme Favrod6, Charles Bonsack4. 1. Community Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. philippe.golay@chuv.ch. 2. General Psychiatry Service, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. philippe.golay@chuv.ch. 3. Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Science, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. philippe.golay@chuv.ch. 4. Community Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 5. Groupe d'accueil et d'action psychiatrique (GRAAP), Lausanne, Switzerland. 6. La Source, School of Nursing Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Exposure to public stigma can lead to stereotype endorsement and resignation, which are constructs related to self-stigma. This latter phenomenon has well-documented deleterious consequences for people living with mental illness. Paradoxically, it can also lead to the empowering reactions of righteous anger and coming out proud. AIM: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a brief tool to measure stereotype endorsement, righteous anger, and non-disclosure across different groups of stigmatized persons. This process was conducted in collaboration with users. METHOD: Using focus groups with mental health professionals and people living with mental illness, 72 items were developed to measure various aspects of self-stigma. The Paradox of Self-Stigma scale (PaSS-24) containing 24 items and three subscores (stereotype endorsement, non-disclosure, and righteous anger) resulted from a calibration phase using factor analysis. This structure was cross-validated on an independent sample. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity were also evaluated. RESULTS: 202 patients were assessed. The PaSS-24 demonstrated good internal validity. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity estimates were also good. CONCLUSIONS: The PaSS-24 is a short but psychometrically rigorous tool designed to measure self-stigma and related constructs in French language, developed in collaboration with users. The development and validation of the PaSS-24 represent a first step towards implementing and evaluating programs aimed at reducing negative consequences of self-stigma.
BACKGROUND: Exposure to public stigma can lead to stereotype endorsement and resignation, which are constructs related to self-stigma. This latter phenomenon has well-documented deleterious consequences for people living with mental illness. Paradoxically, it can also lead to the empowering reactions of righteous anger and coming out proud. AIM: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a brief tool to measure stereotype endorsement, righteous anger, and non-disclosure across different groups of stigmatized persons. This process was conducted in collaboration with users. METHOD: Using focus groups with mental health professionals and people living with mental illness, 72 items were developed to measure various aspects of self-stigma. The Paradox of Self-Stigma scale (PaSS-24) containing 24 items and three subscores (stereotype endorsement, non-disclosure, and righteous anger) resulted from a calibration phase using factor analysis. This structure was cross-validated on an independent sample. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity were also evaluated. RESULTS: 202 patients were assessed. The PaSS-24 demonstrated good internal validity. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity estimates were also good. CONCLUSIONS: The PaSS-24 is a short but psychometrically rigorous tool designed to measure self-stigma and related constructs in French language, developed in collaboration with users. The development and validation of the PaSS-24 represent a first step towards implementing and evaluating programs aimed at reducing negative consequences of self-stigma.
Entities:
Keywords:
French validation; Mental illness; Questionnaire; Reliability; Self-stigma; Validity
Authors: Patrick W Corrigan; Patrick J Michaels; Eduardo Vega; Michael Gause; Amy C Watson; Nicolas Rüsch Journal: Psychiatry Res Date: 2012-05-10 Impact factor: 3.222
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