Daniel A Marinho1,2, Maria I Ferreira1,2, Tiago M Barbosa2,3, José Vilaça-Alves2,4, Mário J Costa2,5, Ricardo Ferraz1,2, Henrique P Neiva1,2. 1. Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal. 2. Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal. 3. Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal. 4. Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal. 5. Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The current study aimed to verify the changes in performance, physiological and biomechanical variables throughout a season in master swimmers. METHODS: Twenty-three master swimmers (34.9 ± 7.4 years) were assessed three times during a season (December: M1, March: M2, June: M3), in indoor 25 m swimming pools. An incremental 5 × 200 m test was used to evaluate the speed at 4 mmol·L-1 of blood lactate concentration (sLT), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), peak blood lactate ([La-]peak) after the test, stroke frequency (SF), stroke length (SL), stroke index (SI) and propelling efficiency (ηp). The performance was assessed in the 200 m front crawl during competition. RESULTS: Swimming performance improved between M1, M2 (2%, p = 0.03), and M3 (4%, p < 0.001). Both sLT and VO2max increased throughout the season (4% and 18%, p < 0.001, respectively) but not [La-]peak. While SF decreased 5%, SL, SI and ηp increased 5%, 7%, and 6% (p < 0.001) from M1 to M3. CONCLUSIONS: Master swimmers improved significantly in their 200 m front crawl performance over a season, with decreased SF, and increased SL, ηp and SI. Despite the improvement in energetic variables, the change in performance seemed to be more dependent on technical than energetic factors.
BACKGROUND: The current study aimed to verify the changes in performance, physiological and biomechanical variables throughout a season in master swimmers. METHODS: Twenty-three master swimmers (34.9 ± 7.4 years) were assessed three times during a season (December: M1, March: M2, June: M3), in indoor 25 m swimming pools. An incremental 5 × 200 m test was used to evaluate the speed at 4 mmol·L-1 of blood lactate concentration (sLT), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), peak blood lactate ([La-]peak) after the test, stroke frequency (SF), stroke length (SL), stroke index (SI) and propelling efficiency (ηp). The performance was assessed in the 200 m front crawl during competition. RESULTS: Swimming performance improved between M1, M2 (2%, p = 0.03), and M3 (4%, p < 0.001). Both sLT and VO2max increased throughout the season (4% and 18%, p < 0.001, respectively) but not [La-]peak. While SF decreased 5%, SL, SI and ηp increased 5%, 7%, and 6% (p < 0.001) from M1 to M3. CONCLUSIONS: Master swimmers improved significantly in their 200 m front crawl performance over a season, with decreased SF, and increased SL, ηp and SI. Despite the improvement in energetic variables, the change in performance seemed to be more dependent on technical than energetic factors.
Entities:
Keywords:
efficiency; lactate; oxygen uptake; swimming; training
Authors: Henrique P Neiva; Ricardo J Fernandes; Ricardo Cardoso; Daniel A Marinho; J Arturo Abraldes Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-03-30 Impact factor: 3.390