Antipyrine and metronidazole metabolism during occupational exposure to gasoline.

Antipyrine and metronidazole clearance was measured in 18 fuel-filling attendants by the single-sample method while the attendants were being exposed occupationally to gasoline; the measurements were repeated after 2-4 weeks with no exposure. Eighteen office workers were investigated simultaneously. The median concentration of gasoline in the breathing zone of the fuel-filling attendants during filling and cleaning operations was 270 mgm-3 (range 18-1758 mgm-3). Antipyrine clearance was 18% higher during exposure to gasoline than after 2-4 weeks of vacation (P less than 0.01), while antipyrine clearance was unchanged in the office workers. No change was found in metronidazole clearance in either group. Antipyrine clearance was on average 26% higher in the smokers than in the nonsmokers (P less than 0.05), while metronidazole clearance was similar in smokers and nonsmokers. We conclude that gasoline is an inducer of antipyrine elimination, with no impact on metronidazole elimination. This indicates that gasoline has a differential inducing effect on the hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes of man.