Amy E Millen1, Sonja Pavlesen2. 1. Farber Hall 270F, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY. 14214. 2. Buffalo General Medical Center 6D501, 100 High St., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY. 14203.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to discuss the literature on associations between vitamin D and periodontal disease, including its strengths and weaknesses. Future direction for continued work in this area is provided. RECENT FINDINGS: Research in cross-sectional cohorts, surveys, and case-control studies provide support for a role of vitamin D in periodontal disease, especially using clinical indicators such as bleeding on probing and clinical attachment loss. However, these studies have a number of limitations. They cannot establish temporality of these associations. Most case-control studies have been limited in sample size and have inconsistent findings. A number of cross-sectional studies are restricted to select populations (e.g., persons with HIV, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis) limiting extrapolation of findings to the general aging population.Fewer prospective studies have been conducted, and only three have examined associations using a biomarker for vitamin D that reflects exposure from all its sources (sunlight, diet and supplements). One study is limited by using self-reported measures of disease outcomes, and only two used measures of alveolar crestal height. However, of the prospective studies published, there is a suggestion that vitamin D might prevent against tooth loss. Only two randomized controlled trials have examined these associations, and they support the effects of vitamin D supplementation on prevention of tooth loss and gingival bleeding. SUMMARY: We strongly suggest that new research should focus on prospective study designs with followup of participants longer than a decade and long-term clinical trials. Such studies should incorporate measures of alveolar bone loss and tooth loss with indication for reason for tooth loss. Such clinical trials should be designed to examine both the influence of vitamin D supplementation alone as well as with other nutrients (e.g., calcium) or therapeutic medications (e.g., bisphosphonates). Currently, there is no strong evidence to suggest that vitamin D protects against development of periodontal disease.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to discuss the literature on associations between vitamin D and periodontal disease, including its strengths and weaknesses. Future direction for continued work in this area is provided. RECENT FINDINGS: Research in cross-sectional cohorts, surveys, and case-control studies provide support for a role of vitamin D in periodontal disease, especially using clinical indicators such as bleeding on probing and clinical attachment loss. However, these studies have a number of limitations. They cannot establish temporality of these associations. Most case-control studies have been limited in sample size and have inconsistent findings. A number of cross-sectional studies are restricted to select populations (e.g., persons with HIV, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis) limiting extrapolation of findings to the general aging population.Fewer prospective studies have been conducted, and only three have examined associations using a biomarker for vitamin D that reflects exposure from all its sources (sunlight, diet and supplements). One study is limited by using self-reported measures of disease outcomes, and only two used measures of alveolar crestal height. However, of the prospective studies published, there is a suggestion that vitamin D might prevent against tooth loss. Only two randomized controlled trials have examined these associations, and they support the effects of vitamin D supplementation on prevention of tooth loss and gingival bleeding. SUMMARY: We strongly suggest that new research should focus on prospective study designs with followup of participants longer than a decade and long-term clinical trials. Such studies should incorporate measures of alveolar bone loss and tooth loss with indication for reason for tooth loss. Such clinical trials should be designed to examine both the influence of vitamin D supplementation alone as well as with other nutrients (e.g., calcium) or therapeutic medications (e.g., bisphosphonates). Currently, there is no strong evidence to suggest that vitamin D protects against development of periodontal disease.
Authors: Panagiotis Dragonas; Linda M Kaste; Martha Nunn; Praveen K Gajendrareddy; Kathleen M Weber; Mardge Cohen; Oluwatoyin M Adeyemi; Audrey L French; Herve Y Sroussi Journal: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Date: 2018-02-19
Authors: Abdullah Ali H Alzahrani; Raed A Alharbi; Mohammed Sarhan A Alzahrani; Mohammed A Sindi; Ghalia Shamlan; Faisal A Alzahrani; Mohammad A Albanghali; Abdulmajeed Abdulghani A Sindi Journal: Saudi J Biol Sci Date: 2021-04-20 Impact factor: 4.052