Jennifer A Hirst1,2, José M Ordóñez Mena1,2, Chris A O'Callaghan3, Emma Ogburn1, Clare J Taylor1,2, Yaling Yang1,2, F D Richard Hobbs1,2. 1. Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, United Kingdom. 2. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom. 3. Nuffield Dept Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence of multimorbidity in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1-5 and transiently impaired renal function and identify factors associated with multimorbidity. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study in UK primary care. PARTICIPANTS: 861 participants aged 60 and older with decreased renal function of whom, 584 (65.8%) had CKD and 277 (32.2%) did not have CKD. INTERVENTIONS: Participants underwent medical history and clinical assessment, and blood and urine sampling. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Multimorbidity was defined as presence of ≥2 chronic conditions including CKD. Prevalence of each condition, co-existing conditions and multimorbidity were described and logistic regression was used to identify predictors of multimorbidity. RESULTS: The mean (±SD) age of participants was 74±7 years, 54% were women and 98% were white. After CKD, the next most prevalent condition was hypertension (n = 511, 59.3%), followed by obesity (n = 265, 30.8%) ischemic heart disease (n = 145, 16.8%) and diabetes (n = 133, 15.4%). Having two co-existing conditions was most common (27%), the most common combination of which was hypertension and obesity (29%). One or three conditions was the next most prevalent combination (20% and 21% respectively). The prevalence of multimorbidity was 73.9% (95%CI 70.9-76.8) in all participants and 86.6% (95%CI 83.9-89.3) in those with any-stage CKD. Logistic regression found a significant association between increasing age (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.04-0.10), increasing BMI (OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.10-1.20) and decreasing eGFR (OR 0.99, 95%CI 0.98-1.00) with multimorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis is the first to provide an accurate estimate of the prevalence of multimorbidity in a screened older primary care population living with or at risk of CKD across all stages. Hypertension and obesity were the most common combination of conditions other than CKD that people were living with, suggesting that there may be multiple reasons for closely monitoring health status in individuals with CKD.
OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence of multimorbidity in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1-5 and transiently impaired renal function and identify factors associated with multimorbidity. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study in UK primary care. PARTICIPANTS: 861 participants aged 60 and older with decreased renal function of whom, 584 (65.8%) had CKD and 277 (32.2%) did not have CKD. INTERVENTIONS:Participants underwent medical history and clinical assessment, and blood and urine sampling. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Multimorbidity was defined as presence of ≥2 chronic conditions including CKD. Prevalence of each condition, co-existing conditions and multimorbidity were described and logistic regression was used to identify predictors of multimorbidity. RESULTS: The mean (±SD) age of participants was 74±7 years, 54% were women and 98% were white. After CKD, the next most prevalent condition was hypertension (n = 511, 59.3%), followed by obesity (n = 265, 30.8%) ischemic heart disease (n = 145, 16.8%) and diabetes (n = 133, 15.4%). Having two co-existing conditions was most common (27%), the most common combination of which was hypertension and obesity (29%). One or three conditions was the next most prevalent combination (20% and 21% respectively). The prevalence of multimorbidity was 73.9% (95%CI 70.9-76.8) in all participants and 86.6% (95%CI 83.9-89.3) in those with any-stage CKD. Logistic regression found a significant association between increasing age (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.04-0.10), increasing BMI (OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.10-1.20) and decreasing eGFR (OR 0.99, 95%CI 0.98-1.00) with multimorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis is the first to provide an accurate estimate of the prevalence of multimorbidity in a screened older primary care population living with or at risk of CKD across all stages. Hypertension and obesity were the most common combination of conditions other than CKD that people were living with, suggesting that there may be multiple reasons for closely monitoring health status in individuals with CKD.
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