Mevhibe Saricaoglu1,2,3,4, Nesrin Helvaci Yilmaz5, Fahriye Feriha Ozer6, Lutfu Hanoglu7,5. 1. Program of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. mevhibe-saricaoglu@hotmail.com. 2. Program of Electroneurophysiology, Vocational School, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. mevhibe-saricaoglu@hotmail.com. 3. Restorative and Regenerative Medicine Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. mevhibe-saricaoglu@hotmail.com. 4. Faculty of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. mevhibe-saricaoglu@hotmail.com. 5. Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. 6. Department of Neurology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey. 7. Restorative and Regenerative Medicine Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by non-motor symptoms (NMS) as well as by motor symptoms. Together with the impairment of cognitive functions, NMS and sleep also affect motor symptoms negatively. The aim of our study is to examine the correlation of NMS and sleep on balance in PD patients with normal cognition (PD-NC) and with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). METHODS: A total of 69 patients were included in our study. Using the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination, participants were divided into 2 groups, PD-NC and PD-MCI. Patients were assessed with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Tinetti Balance Assessment Tool (TBAT), the Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMSQ), and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). RESULTS: PD-MCI patients had statistically significant worse motor symptoms and more balance disorder compared to PD-NC (UPDRS: p = 0.009; BBS: p = 0.010; TBAT: p = 0.004). PD-MCI patients had greater severity of non-motor symptoms and worse sleep quality than the PD-NC group (NMSQ-total: p = 0.02; NMSQ-sleep total: p = 0.01). The evaluation has shown that with a diagnosis of MCI, NMS, and sleeping problems were correlated, and the correlation was associated with impairment of the balance function. While being more pronounced in the PD-MCI group, quality of life was affected in both groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate a negative effect on the balance function in patients with cognitive impairment suffering increased NMS and sleeping disorders. Treatment of these patients needs to concentrate on NMS and cognitive functions as much as on motor symptoms.
BACKGROUND:Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by non-motor symptoms (NMS) as well as by motor symptoms. Together with the impairment of cognitive functions, NMS and sleep also affect motor symptoms negatively. The aim of our study is to examine the correlation of NMS and sleep on balance in PDpatients with normal cognition (PD-NC) and with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). METHODS: A total of 69 patients were included in our study. Using the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination, participants were divided into 2 groups, PD-NC and PD-MCI. Patients were assessed with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Tinetti Balance Assessment Tool (TBAT), the Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMSQ), and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). RESULTS:PD-MCIpatients had statistically significant worse motor symptoms and more balance disorder compared to PD-NC (UPDRS: p = 0.009; BBS: p = 0.010; TBAT: p = 0.004). PD-MCIpatients had greater severity of non-motor symptoms and worse sleep quality than the PD-NC group (NMSQ-total: p = 0.02; NMSQ-sleep total: p = 0.01). The evaluation has shown that with a diagnosis of MCI, NMS, and sleeping problems were correlated, and the correlation was associated with impairment of the balance function. While being more pronounced in the PD-MCI group, quality of life was affected in both groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate a negative effect on the balance function in patients with cognitive impairment suffering increased NMS and sleeping disorders. Treatment of these patients needs to concentrate on NMS and cognitive functions as much as on motor symptoms.