Karly I Cini1,2,3, Phone Myint Win4, Zay Yar Swe4, Kyu Kyu Than4, Thin Mar Win4, Ye Win Aung4, Aye Aye Myint4, Nisaa R Wulan1, Lia J Burns1,5, Elissa C Kennedy1,3,6, Kate L Francis2,3, Su Mon Myat7, Sithu Swe8, Aung Ko Ko9, Margaret Hellard1,6,10,11,12, Chad L Hughes1, George C Patton2,3,13, Ali H Mokdad14, Peter S Azzopardi1,2,3,13,15,16. 1. Burnet Institute , Melbourne, Australia. 2. Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne, Australia. 3. Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Melbourne, Australia. 4. Burnet Institute Myanmar , Yangon, Myanmar. 5. ChildFund Vietnam , Hanoi, Vietnam. 6. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia. 7. Ministry of Health and Sports , Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. 8. World Health Organisation , Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. 9. Myanmar Youth Affair Committee , Yangon, Myanmar. 10. Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital , Melbourne, Australia. 11. , Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne, Australia. 12. School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia. 13. Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia. 14. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA. 15. Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Institute, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, Australia. 16. School of Medicine, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, Australia.
Abstract
Background: Myanmar is a country undergoing rapid transitions in health. Its national strategic policy for young people's health is being revised but there is a paucity of population data to inform local priorities and needs. Objective: In this paper we describe a comprehensive profile of adolescent health in Myanmar to focus policy and health actions. Methods: We used available primary data, and modelled estimates from the GBD 2017, to describe health outcomes (mortality and morbidity), health risks and determinants for adolescents in Myanmar between 1990-2017. A governance group of key stakeholders guided the framing of the study, interpretation of findings, and recommendations. Results: Overall health has improved for adolescents in Myanmar since 1990, however adolescent mortality remains high, particularly so for older adolescent males; all-cause mortality rate for 10-24 years was 70 per 100,000 for females and 149 per 100,000 for males (16,095 adolescent deaths in 2017). Overall, the dominant health problems were injuries for males and non-communicable disease for females in a context of ongoing burden of communicable and nutritional diseases for both sexes, and reproductive health needs for females. Health risks relating to undernutrition (thinness and anaemia) remain prevalent, with other health risks (overweight, binge alcohol use, and substance use) relatively low by global and regional standards but increasing. Gains have been made in social determinants such as adolescent fertility and modern contraception use; however, advances have been more limited in secondary education completion and engagement in employment and post education training. Conclusions: These results highlight the need to focus current efforts on addressing disease and mortality experienced by adolescents in Myanmar, with a specific focus on injury, mental health and non-communicable disease.
Background: Myanmar is a country undergoing rapid transitions in health. Its national strategic policy for young people's health is being revised but there is a paucity of population data to inform local priorities and needs. Objective: In this paper we describe a comprehensive profile of adolescent health in Myanmar to focus policy and health actions. Methods: We used available primary data, and modelled estimates from the GBD 2017, to describe health outcomes (mortality and morbidity), health risks and determinants for adolescents in Myanmar between 1990-2017. A governance group of key stakeholders guided the framing of the study, interpretation of findings, and recommendations. Results: Overall health has improved for adolescents in Myanmar since 1990, however adolescent mortality remains high, particularly so for older adolescent males; all-cause mortality rate for 10-24 years was 70 per 100,000 for females and 149 per 100,000 for males (16,095 adolescent deaths in 2017). Overall, the dominant health problems were injuries for males and non-communicable disease for females in a context of ongoing burden of communicable and nutritional diseases for both sexes, and reproductive health needs for females. Health risks relating to undernutrition (thinness and anaemia) remain prevalent, with other health risks (overweight, binge alcohol use, and substance use) relatively low by global and regional standards but increasing. Gains have been made in social determinants such as adolescent fertility and modern contraception use; however, advances have been more limited in secondary education completion and engagement in employment and post education training. Conclusions: These results highlight the need to focus current efforts on addressing disease and mortality experienced by adolescents in Myanmar, with a specific focus on injury, mental health and non-communicable disease.
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