J P Zhang1, D Lin1, S C Wang1, Y Li1, Y M Chen1, Y Wang1, H Wei1, Y C Mi1, J X Wang1. 1. Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Tianjin 300020, China.
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, etiology, and prognosis of familial acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with germline CEBPA mutation and improve the understanding of familial leukemia. Methods: The age of onset, clinical characteristics, outcome, and prognosis of a family of patients with AML were investigated, and the family tree of the cases was displayed. Bone marrow and oral mucosal cells were collected from the proband, and peripheral blood was collected from the relatives of the proband. Gene mutation was detected by gene sequencing technology. Results: A total of 10 patients in this family were diagnosed with acute leukemia, including 4 males and 6 females, with a median age of 9 (3-48) years. Of the 10 patients, six died. Among them, 4 patients did not receive treatment, 1 patient survived 3 years after chemotherapy and died of relapse, and one patient died 2 years after receiving traditional Chinese medicine and supportive treatment. Four patients are alive. One patient has survived 15 years through chemotherapy, and three patients have survived with chemotherapy combined with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and the survival time was 6, 9, and 28 months at the end of follow-up. Gene sequencing was performed on proband and 8 relatives of the proband, and 5 were found to have the germline CEBPA TAD p.G36Afs*124 mutation. Among the 5 individuals with confirmed CEBPA mutation, 4 were diagnosed with AML, and 1 had not developed disease during follow-up. Conclusion: AML with germline CEBPA gene mutation mostly occurs in children and young adults, with complete or nearly complete penetrance. With active treatment, most of the patients have a favorable prognosis.
Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, etiology, and prognosis of familial acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with germline CEBPA mutation and improve the understanding of familial leukemia. Methods: The age of onset, clinical characteristics, outcome, and prognosis of a family of patients with AML were investigated, and the family tree of the cases was displayed. Bone marrow and oral mucosal cells were collected from the proband, and peripheral blood was collected from the relatives of the proband. Gene mutation was detected by gene sequencing technology. Results: A total of 10 patients in this family were diagnosed with acute leukemia, including 4 males and 6 females, with a median age of 9 (3-48) years. Of the 10 patients, six died. Among them, 4 patients did not receive treatment, 1 patient survived 3 years after chemotherapy and died of relapse, and one patient died 2 years after receiving traditional Chinese medicine and supportive treatment. Four patients are alive. One patient has survived 15 years through chemotherapy, and three patients have survived with chemotherapy combined with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and the survival time was 6, 9, and 28 months at the end of follow-up. Gene sequencing was performed on proband and 8 relatives of the proband, and 5 were found to have the germline CEBPA TAD p.G36Afs*124 mutation. Among the 5 individuals with confirmed CEBPA mutation, 4 were diagnosed with AML, and 1 had not developed disease during follow-up. Conclusion:AML with germline CEBPA gene mutation mostly occurs in children and young adults, with complete or nearly complete penetrance. With active treatment, most of the patients have a favorable prognosis.
2. 基因突变分析:通过PCR和一代测序检测骨髓、外周血及口腔黏膜细胞样本DNA中NPM1和CEBPA基因突变。同时采用二代测序(NGS)方法,使用Ion Torrent平台技术,靶向检测与血液肿瘤密切相关的114个基因的外显子区,平均基因覆盖率大于98%,平均检测深度为800×,测序原始数据采用Torrent Suite v3.0软件进行分析。
结果
1. 家系调查:调查先证者及其家系成员五代共69人,其中男36人,女33人,均否认近亲结婚,11人诊断为急性白血病,1例与先证者无血缘关系,4例患者生存,7例患者死亡。家系中13人死亡,其中7人因急性白血病死亡,3人因其他恶性肿瘤死亡(Ⅱ1,68岁时因肝癌死亡;Ⅱ2,69岁时因肺癌死亡;Ⅱ3,70岁时因胃癌死亡),3人死因不详。Ⅱ14,女,为先证者姨母,48岁时确诊为AML-M4,诱导治疗1个疗程不缓解,再诱导治疗获CR,后巩固治疗5个疗程,定期复查血常规一直正常,至2020年6月患者无复发生存近15年。Ⅲ26,男,为先证者弟弟,2020年2月(34岁时,在其姐诊断为AML2年后)确诊为AML,化疗后获CR,现准备进行造血干细胞移植。Ⅳ1与Ⅳ2为异卵双胎试管婴儿,Ⅳ1,男,为先证者侄子,2019年10月30日(7岁时)因发热、咳嗽半个月,伴盗汗、乏力、纳差入院。血常规:WBC 86.60×109/L,中性粒细胞0.86×109/L,RBC 4.40×1012/L,HCB 130 g/L,PLT 44×109/L。骨髓细胞形态示AML-M1。免疫分型:异常细胞群约占有核细胞的90.2%,表达CD34、CD117、HLA-DR、CD38、CD13、CD33、CD123、CD7、MPO,弱表达CD64,不表达CD16、CD15、CD11b、CD56、CD14、CD36、CD19、CD10、TdT、cCD79a、cCD3,符合AML表型。染色体核型46,XY[20]。白血病43种融合基因筛查检测均阴性。基因检测结果:CEBPAp.G36Afs*124突变率50%,CEBPAp.T310-Q311insR突变率50%,同时合并WT1、DNM2、ZMYM3、CALR突变。患儿白血病缓解期DNA测序显示CEBPA TAD p.G36Afs*124突变,化疗3个疗程持续CR,现准备行造血干细胞移植。Ⅳ2,2岁10个月时诊断为AML-M4,化疗7个疗程后复发,患病后生存3年,于2018年死亡。家系成员患白血病及治疗情况详见表1。
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