Kerstin Schütte1,2, Regina Schinner3, Mathias P Fabritius3, Melina Möller3, Christiane Kuhl4, Roberto Iezzi5, Osman Öcal3, Maciej Pech6, Bora Peynircioglu7, Max Seidensticker3, Rohini Sharma8, Daniel Palmer9, Jean-Pierre Bronowicki10, Peter Reimer11, Peter Malfertheiner12, Jens Ricke3. 1. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. 2. Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken Marienhospital, Osnabrück, Germany. 3. Department of Radiology, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany. 4. Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany. 5. Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia - Istituto di Radiologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy. 6. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. 7. Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. 8. Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom. 9. Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University Hospitals & Clatterbridge, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. 10. Department of Hepatology, INSERM U1254, Hôpital de Brabois, CHU de Nancy, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France. 11. Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. 12. Department of Internal Medicine II, Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Extrahepatic spread is reported as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving systemic therapy. However, clinical studies have reported conflicting results for the clinical impact of the pattern of tumor progression during treatment and the role of new extrahepatic metastases in length of survival. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of extrahepatic metastases on survival in patients with HCC treated with sorafenib or with a combination of sorafenib and selective internal radiation treatment (SIRT). METHODS: SORAMIC is a randomized, controlled trial comprising diagnostic, local ablation, and palliative cohorts. In the palliative cohort, patients not eligible for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) were randomized 11:10 to SIRT plus sorafenib (SIRT + sorafenib) or sorafenib alone. This exploratory subanalysis evaluated the impact of extrahepatic metastases on survival. RESULTS: In the intent-to-treat cohort, 216 patients were randomized to SIRT + sorafenib and 208 to sorafenib alone. Seventeen patients with distant organ metastases (bone, n = 11; adrenal glands, n = 5; peritoneum, n = 1) and 262 without distant metastases at study entry were analyzed in this substudy. Patients with (Group A) and without (Group B) distant organ metastases at study entry presented with a median survival of 11.3 and 14.8 months, respectively (p = 0.2807). During follow-up of patients with no organ metastases at baseline, extrahepatic disease progression occurred in 50 patients (19.1%). No statistically significant difference in survival was observed between patients without extrahepatic progression and those with new extrahepatic disease during treatment (14.8 vs. 14.9 months; p = 0.6483). Development of new pulmonary metastases during treatment significantly shortened median survival (7.6 vs. 15.0 months, p = 0.0060). CONCLUSIONS: This subanalysis of the SORAMIC trial suggests that in patients with liver-dominant advanced HCC, metastases to distant organs with the exception of pulmonary metastases do not in general exert a negative impact on patient prognosis. The choice of palliative treatment should incorporate a personalized analysis of the pattern of tumor distribution.
INTRODUCTION: Extrahepatic spread is reported as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving systemic therapy. However, clinical studies have reported conflicting results for the clinical impact of the pattern of tumor progression during treatment and the role of new extrahepatic metastases in length of survival. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of extrahepatic metastases on survival in patients with HCC treated with sorafenib or with a combination of sorafenib and selective internal radiation treatment (SIRT). METHODS: SORAMIC is a randomized, controlled trial comprising diagnostic, local ablation, and palliative cohorts. In the palliative cohort, patients not eligible for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) were randomized 11:10 to SIRT plus sorafenib (SIRT + sorafenib) or sorafenib alone. This exploratory subanalysis evaluated the impact of extrahepatic metastases on survival. RESULTS: In the intent-to-treat cohort, 216 patients were randomized to SIRT + sorafenib and 208 to sorafenib alone. Seventeen patients with distant organ metastases (bone, n = 11; adrenal glands, n = 5; peritoneum, n = 1) and 262 without distant metastases at study entry were analyzed in this substudy. Patients with (Group A) and without (Group B) distant organ metastases at study entry presented with a median survival of 11.3 and 14.8 months, respectively (p = 0.2807). During follow-up of patients with no organ metastases at baseline, extrahepatic disease progression occurred in 50 patients (19.1%). No statistically significant difference in survival was observed between patients without extrahepatic progression and those with new extrahepatic disease during treatment (14.8 vs. 14.9 months; p = 0.6483). Development of new pulmonary metastases during treatment significantly shortened median survival (7.6 vs. 15.0 months, p = 0.0060). CONCLUSIONS: This subanalysis of the SORAMIC trial suggests that in patients with liver-dominant advanced HCC, metastases to distant organs with the exception of pulmonary metastases do not in general exert a negative impact on patient prognosis. The choice of palliative treatment should incorporate a personalized analysis of the pattern of tumor distribution.
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