Elizabeth Camacho-Zavala1,2, Clara Santacruz-Tinoco1, Esteban Muñoz1, Rommel Chacón-Salinas2, Ma Isabel Salazar-Sanchez2, Concepción Grajales3, Joaquin González-Ibarra4, Victor Hugo Borja-Aburto5, Thomas Jaenisch6, Cesar R Gonzalez-Bonilla4. 1. División de Laboratorios de Vigilancia e Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CDMX 07760 Mexico City, Mexico. 2. Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX 11340 Mexico City, Mexico. 3. Coordinación de Control Técnico de Insumos, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CDMX 07760 Mexico City, Mexico. 4. Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CDMX 06720 Mexico City, Mexico. 5. Dirección de Prestaciones Médicas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CDMX 06720 Mexico City, Mexico. 6. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH) and Tropical Medicine, Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy usually shows only mild symptoms and is frequently subclinical. However, it can be vertically transmitted to the fetus, causing microcephaly and other congenital defects. During pregnancy, the immune environment modifications can alter the response to viruses in general and ZIKV in particular. OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of pregnancy in the systemic pro- and anti-inflammatory response during symptomatic ZIKV infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multiplex assay was used to measure 25 cytokines, chemokines, and receptors in 110 serum samples from pregnant and nonpregnant women with and without ZIKV infection with and without symptoms. Samples were collected through an epidemiological surveillance system. RESULTS: Samples from pregnant women with ZIKV infection showed a higher viral load but had similar profiles of inflammatory markers as compared with nonpregnant infected women, except for CXCL10 that was higher in infected pregnant women. Notably, the presence of ZIKV in pregnancy favored a regulatory profile by significantly increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10, receptors IL-1RA, and IL-2R, but only those pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 that are essential for the antiviral response. Interestingly, there were no differences between symptomatic and weakly symptomatic ZIKV-infected groups. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed a systemic anti-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine profile that could participate in the control of the virus. The anti-inflammatory response in pregnant women infected with ZIKA was characterized by high CXCL10, a cytokine that has been correlated with congenital malformations.
BACKGROUND:Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy usually shows only mild symptoms and is frequently subclinical. However, it can be vertically transmitted to the fetus, causing microcephaly and other congenital defects. During pregnancy, the immune environment modifications can alter the response to viruses in general and ZIKV in particular. OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of pregnancy in the systemic pro- and anti-inflammatory response during symptomatic ZIKVinfection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multiplex assay was used to measure 25 cytokines, chemokines, and receptors in 110 serum samples from pregnant and nonpregnant women with and without ZIKVinfection with and without symptoms. Samples were collected through an epidemiological surveillance system. RESULTS: Samples from pregnant women with ZIKVinfection showed a higher viral load but had similar profiles of inflammatory markers as compared with nonpregnant infectedwomen, except for CXCL10 that was higher in infected pregnant women. Notably, the presence of ZIKV in pregnancy favored a regulatory profile by significantly increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10, receptors IL-1RA, and IL-2R, but only those pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 that are essential for the antiviral response. Interestingly, there were no differences between symptomatic and weakly symptomatic ZIKV-infected groups. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed a systemic anti-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine profile that could participate in the control of the virus. The anti-inflammatory response in pregnant womeninfected with ZIKA was characterized by high CXCL10, a cytokine that has been correlated with congenital malformations.
Entities:
Keywords:
Zika virus infection; cytokines; pregnant women
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