Fumonisin B1: Mechanisms of toxicity and biological detoxification progress in animals.

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by the Fusarium molds that can contaminate food and feed. It has been found that FB1 can cause systemic toxicity, including neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and mammalian cytotoxicity. This review addresses the toxicity studies carried out on FB1 and outlines the probable mechanisms underlying its immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, joint toxicity, apoptosis, and autophagy. In the present work, the research progress of FB1 detoxification in recent years is reviewed, which provides reference for controlling and reducing the toxicity of FB1.