Zon-Shuan Chang1, Ali Boolani2,3, Deirdre A Conroy4, Tom Dunietz5, Erica C Jansen1,6. 1. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 2. Department of Physical Therapy, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA. 3. Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA. 4. Michigan Medicine Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sleep Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 5. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 6. Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Breakfast skipping has been related to poor mood, but the role of sleep in this relationship remains unclear. AIM: To evaluate whether breakfast skipping associated with mood independently of sleep, and whether sleep interacted with breakfast skipping. METHODS: During an in-person research visit, a sample of 329 adults completed questionnaires regarding last night's sleep, current morning breakfast intake, and mid-morning mood states. Sex-stratified linear regression models examined associations between breakfast skipping and mood and interactions with sleep. RESULTS: Among males, those who did not consume breakfast had less vigor independent of sleep (β=-2.72 with 95% CI -4.91, -0.53). Among females, those who did not consume breakfast had higher feelings of anxiety (β=1.21 with 95% CI -0.04, 2.47). Interaction analyses revealed that males with longer time to fall asleep and longer night-time awake time had higher depression scores in the presence of breakfast skipping, and females with more night-time awake time and shorter duration had higher fatigue and less vigor if they were also breakfast skippers. CONCLUSION: Breakfast skipping and poor sleep may jointly affect mood.
BACKGROUND: Breakfast skipping has been related to poor mood, but the role of sleep in this relationship remains unclear. AIM: To evaluate whether breakfast skipping associated with mood independently of sleep, and whether sleep interacted with breakfast skipping. METHODS: During an in-person research visit, a sample of 329 adults completed questionnaires regarding last night's sleep, current morning breakfast intake, and mid-morning mood states. Sex-stratified linear regression models examined associations between breakfast skipping and mood and interactions with sleep. RESULTS: Among males, those who did not consume breakfast had less vigor independent of sleep (β=-2.72 with 95% CI -4.91, -0.53). Among females, those who did not consume breakfast had higher feelings of anxiety (β=1.21 with 95% CI -0.04, 2.47). Interaction analyses revealed that males with longer time to fall asleep and longer night-time awake time had higher depression scores in the presence of breakfast skipping, and females with more night-time awake time and shorter duration had higher fatigue and less vigor if they were also breakfast skippers. CONCLUSION: Breakfast skipping and poor sleep may jointly affect mood.
Entities:
Keywords:
Sleep quality; circadian; meal patterns; mental health