Getinet Ayano1, Kim Betts2, Joemer Calderon Maravilla3, Rosa Alati4. 1. School of public health, Curtin University, WA, Perth, Australia; Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: g.yaya@postgrad.curtin.edu.au. 2. School of public health, Curtin University, WA, Perth, Australia. Electronic address: Kim.Betts@curtin.edu.au. 3. Institute of social science research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: j.maravilla@uq.edu.au. 4. School of public health, Curtin University, WA, Perth, Australia; Institute of social science research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: rosa.alati@curtin.edu.au.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Several studies have investigated the association between parental severe psychiatric disorders and anxiety disorder risk in offspring, but the findings across these studies have been inconsistent. METHODS: Using the PRISMA guideline, a rigorous electronic and manual search was conducted in four electronic databases EMBASE, PubMed, PsychINFO, and Scopus to identify relevant studies. All observation studies (cohort and case-control studies) that examined the association between parental severe psychiatric disorders and the risk of offspring anxiety disorders were identified. Summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were synthesized using a fixed and random effect meta-analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies were included in the final analysis (14 cohort and 11 case-control studies). The meta-analysis showed that parental severe psychiatric disorder was associated with a higher risk of social phobia, panic, obsessive-compulsive, post-traumatic stress, separation anxiety, and generalized anxiety disorders in the offspring. When considering specific severe psychiatric disorders in parents as exposure, parental bipolar disorder was associated with an increased risk of obsessive-compulsive and generalized anxiety disorders in the offspring, whereas parental depressive disorder was associated with an increased risk of social phobia, separation anxiety, and generalized anxiety disorders in the offspring. Conversely, parental schizophrenia was not associated with offspring anxiety disorder CONCLUSION: This review suggests that the offspring of parents with severe psychiatric, bipolar, and depressive disorders are at an increased risk of developing a range of anxiety disorders. These findings suggest that targeted early screening and intervention programs are imperative in exposed offspring.
BACKGROUND: Several studies have investigated the association between parental severe psychiatric disorders and anxiety disorder risk in offspring, but the findings across these studies have been inconsistent. METHODS: Using the PRISMA guideline, a rigorous electronic and manual search was conducted in four electronic databases EMBASE, PubMed, PsychINFO, and Scopus to identify relevant studies. All observation studies (cohort and case-control studies) that examined the association between parental severe psychiatric disorders and the risk of offspring anxiety disorders were identified. Summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were synthesized using a fixed and random effect meta-analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies were included in the final analysis (14 cohort and 11 case-control studies). The meta-analysis showed that parental severe psychiatric disorder was associated with a higher risk of social phobia, panic, obsessive-compulsive, post-traumatic stress, separation anxiety, and generalized anxiety disorders in the offspring. When considering specific severe psychiatric disorders in parents as exposure, parental bipolar disorder was associated with an increased risk of obsessive-compulsive and generalized anxiety disorders in the offspring, whereas parental depressive disorder was associated with an increased risk of social phobia, separation anxiety, and generalized anxiety disorders in the offspring. Conversely, parental schizophrenia was not associated with offspring anxiety disorder CONCLUSION: This review suggests that the offspring of parents with severe psychiatric, bipolar, and depressive disorders are at an increased risk of developing a range of anxiety disorders. These findings suggest that targeted early screening and intervention programs are imperative in exposed offspring.