Josh Titus1, Nick W Bray2, Nellie Kamkar3, Richard Camicioli4, Lindsay S Nagamatsu5, Mark Speechley6, Manuel Montero-Odasso7. 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: jtitus6@uwo.ca. 2. Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: nbray2@uwo.ca. 3. Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: nellie.kamkar@sjhc.london.on.ca. 4. Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Electronic address: rcamicio@ualberta.ca. 5. Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: lnagamat@uwo.ca. 6. Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Western University, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: speechly@uwo.ca. 7. Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Western University, London, ON, Canada. Electronic address: mmontero@uwo.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Physiological cascades of neurotrophic factors and inflammatory cytokines may mediate the exercise-induced amelioration of cognition in older adults. However, there is limited understanding on how different exercise modalities improving cognition alter biomarkers. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of different exercise modalities on blood biomarker concentrations in cognitive clinical trials of older adults. METHODS: A systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) were performed using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS. After exclusions, 17 trials with 18 distinct exercise interventions were included. RESULTS: Aerobic training increased (n = 2) or did not significantly change BDNF (n = 5), and resistance training increased (n = 2) or did not significantly change (n = 2) IGF-1. Multimodal training significantly increased (n = 1) or did not change (n = 3) BDNF. Interventions that recruited sex-specific cohorts showed an advantage in males for blood marker concentrations and cognitive performance outcomes (n = 3) compared to females (n = 3). Only one of three interventions decreased concentrations of CRP. Eight studies examining BDNF changes were suited for MA and showed that higher BDNF concentrations were reached post intervention, although not reaching statistical significance (p = .26, I2 = 44 %). DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that exercise has potential to ameliorate cognitive decline in older adults with divergent, modality-specific, neurotrophic mechanisms.
BACKGROUND: Physiological cascades of neurotrophic factors and inflammatory cytokines may mediate the exercise-induced amelioration of cognition in older adults. However, there is limited understanding on how different exercise modalities improving cognition alter biomarkers. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of different exercise modalities on blood biomarker concentrations in cognitive clinical trials of older adults. METHODS: A systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) were performed using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS. After exclusions, 17 trials with 18 distinct exercise interventions were included. RESULTS: Aerobic training increased (n = 2) or did not significantly change BDNF (n = 5), and resistance training increased (n = 2) or did not significantly change (n = 2) IGF-1. Multimodal training significantly increased (n = 1) or did not change (n = 3) BDNF. Interventions that recruited sex-specific cohorts showed an advantage in males for blood marker concentrations and cognitive performance outcomes (n = 3) compared to females (n = 3). Only one of three interventions decreased concentrations of CRP. Eight studies examining BDNF changes were suited for MA and showed that higher BDNF concentrations were reached post intervention, although not reaching statistical significance (p = .26, I2 = 44 %). DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that exercise has potential to ameliorate cognitive decline in older adults with divergent, modality-specific, neurotrophic mechanisms.
Authors: Walter Krause Neto; Eliane Florencio Gama; Wellington de Assis Silva; Tony Vinicius Apolinário de Oliveira; Alan Esaú Dos Santos Vilas Boas; Adriano Polican Ciena; Carlos Alberto Anaruma; Érico Chagas Caperuto Journal: Exp Brain Res Date: 2022-01-25 Impact factor: 1.972