Yi-Huan Chen1, Fen Xue2, Shou-Fen Yu1, Xiao-Sa Li1, Ling Liu3, Yan-Yan Jia4, Wen-Jun Yan5, Qing-Rong Tan1, Hua-Ning Wang6, Zheng-Wu Peng7. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. 3. Institute of Neuroscience, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. 4. Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. 5. Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China. 6. Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address: xskzhu@fmmu.edu.cn. 7. Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address: pengzw@fmmu.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The association between abnormal gut microbiome composition and depression is well established. However, the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiota regarding depressed women has been poorly addressed. METHODS: Stool samples from 62 female patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 46 healthy controls (Con) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing; Twenty fecal samples from the patient group and 21 fecal samples from the Con group were further analyzed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Psychiatric symptoms and psychological, social, and professional functioning was also assessed. RESULTS: Phylum Bacteroidetes, proteobaeteria, and Fusobacteria were greatly enriched in patients with MDD, while the Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla were consistently higher in Con. Notably, 18 microbial markers were identified on a random forest model and achieve an area under the curve of 0.92 between patients with MDD and the Con group. Forty-five species and their associated function were identified with statistically significant differences between patients with MDD and the Con group. LIMITATIONS: The number of recruited samples, especially samples enrolled for shotgun metagenomic sequencing was relatively small, and the stool samples were collected only at baseline, making it difficult to establish a causal association between changes in gut microbiota compositions and disease remission. CONCLUSIONS: This study characterizes the gut microbiota and their related function in female MDD. The gut microbiota-based biomarkers may be helpful in diagnosis and the altered gut microbial metabolites may contribute to the pathogenesis of MDD in women, representing potential microbial targets.
BACKGROUND: The association between abnormal gut microbiome composition and depression is well established. However, the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiota regarding depressed women has been poorly addressed. METHODS: Stool samples from 62 female patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 46 healthy controls (Con) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing; Twenty fecal samples from the patient group and 21 fecal samples from the Con group were further analyzed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Psychiatric symptoms and psychological, social, and professional functioning was also assessed. RESULTS: Phylum Bacteroidetes, proteobaeteria, and Fusobacteria were greatly enriched in patients with MDD, while the Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla were consistently higher in Con. Notably, 18 microbial markers were identified on a random forest model and achieve an area under the curve of 0.92 between patients with MDD and the Con group. Forty-five species and their associated function were identified with statistically significant differences between patients with MDD and the Con group. LIMITATIONS: The number of recruited samples, especially samples enrolled for shotgun metagenomic sequencing was relatively small, and the stool samples were collected only at baseline, making it difficult to establish a causal association between changes in gut microbiota compositions and disease remission. CONCLUSIONS: This study characterizes the gut microbiota and their related function in female MDD. The gut microbiota-based biomarkers may be helpful in diagnosis and the altered gut microbial metabolites may contribute to the pathogenesis of MDD in women, representing potential microbial targets.
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