Comparison of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Microbiological and Histopathological Observations in the Diagnosis of Endometrial Tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Female genital tuberculosis often faces diagnostic challenges due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease. Our study aims at comparing the microbiological and histopathological results with PCR in diagnosing genital tuberculosis in endometrial curettage specimens.
METHODS: Around 139 patients with diverse gynaecological complaints were recruited for the study, and endometrial curettage specimens were collected. The specimens were subjected to microbiological culture and staining, histopathological examination and PCR to look for the presence of M. tuberculosis. Statistical analyses of the PCR results include calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative prediction values and positive and negative likelihood ratios.
RESULTS: PCR yielded a detection rate of 41.7% (58/139) when compared to the microbiology (2.15%) and histopathology results (1.43%). PCR with hsp65 and cfp10, in combination, detected 20% of the cases. Statistical analyses were suggestive that PCR with hsp65 showed a higher sensitivity and specificity of 50% and 92.59% respectively.
CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this study suggest that for a definitive diagnosis, combinations of the results from various diagnostics techniques can only be considered. © Federation of Obstetric & Gynecological Societies of India 2020.