Toshihiro Tanaka1, Hideki Iwamoto2,3, Mitsuteru Fujihara4, Hideyuki Nishiofuku5, Tetsuya Masada5, Hiroyuki Suzuki2, Hironori Koga2, Takuji Torimura2, Kimihiko Kichikawa5. 1. Department of Radiology, IVR Center, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan. toshihir@bf6.so-net.ne.jp. 2. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan. 3. Iwamoto Internal Medicine Clinic, Kitakyusyu, Japan. 4. SPG Technology Co., Ltd, Miyazaki, Japan. 5. Department of Radiology, IVR Center, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine physiochemical characteristics and drug release properties of cisplatin powder and lipiodol mixtures formed by a glass membrane emulsification device compared with a 3-way stopcock. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven different types of mixtures were evaluated: cisplatin powder and lipiodol directly mixed (suspension), complete cisplatin solution and lipiodol mixed by a 3-way stopcock or the device (emulsion), incomplete cisplatin solution and lipiodol mixed by a 3-way stopcock or the device (solid-in-water emulsion), and contrast material and cisplatin suspension mixed by a 3-way stopcock or the device (solid-in-oil emulsion). RESULT: The percentages of water-in-oil were 98.08 ± 0.27% in the emulsion formed by the device, while 70.3 ± 4.63% in the emulsion formed by a 3-way stopcock (P = 0.037). Solid-in-water and solid-in-oil emulsions formed by the device showed 98.09 ± 0.38% and 98.70 ± 0.40% of water-in-oil, respectively, whereas both solid-in-water and solid-in-oil emulsions formed by a 3-way stopcock showed 0.00%. Homogenous droplet sizes were shown by using the device. The half release times of cisplatin in the emulsions formed by the device were 197 ± 19, 244 ± 24 and 478 ± 52 min, respectively, which were significantly longer than the emulsion formed by a 3-way stopcock of 8 ± 8 min (P = 0.046-0.050). Suspension showed the longest release time; however, the viscosity was lowest. CONCLUSION: The glass membrane emulsification device formed almost 100% water-in-oil, whereas 3-way stopcock produced 100% oil-in-water when incomplete solution or suspension was mixed. Slower cisplatin release was shown in the emulsions formed by the device.
PURPOSE: To examine physiochemical characteristics and drug release properties of cisplatin powder and lipiodol mixtures formed by a glass membrane emulsification device compared with a 3-way stopcock. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven different types of mixtures were evaluated: cisplatin powder and lipiodol directly mixed (suspension), complete cisplatin solution and lipiodol mixed by a 3-way stopcock or the device (emulsion), incomplete cisplatin solution and lipiodol mixed by a 3-way stopcock or the device (solid-in-water emulsion), and contrast material and cisplatin suspension mixed by a 3-way stopcock or the device (solid-in-oil emulsion). RESULT: The percentages of water-in-oil were 98.08 ± 0.27% in the emulsion formed by the device, while 70.3 ± 4.63% in the emulsion formed by a 3-way stopcock (P = 0.037). Solid-in-water and solid-in-oil emulsions formed by the device showed 98.09 ± 0.38% and 98.70 ± 0.40% of water-in-oil, respectively, whereas both solid-in-water and solid-in-oil emulsions formed by a 3-way stopcock showed 0.00%. Homogenous droplet sizes were shown by using the device. The half release times of cisplatin in the emulsions formed by the device were 197 ± 19, 244 ± 24 and 478 ± 52 min, respectively, which were significantly longer than the emulsion formed by a 3-way stopcock of 8 ± 8 min (P = 0.046-0.050). Suspension showed the longest release time; however, the viscosity was lowest. CONCLUSION: The glass membrane emulsification device formed almost 100% water-in-oil, whereas 3-way stopcock produced 100% oil-in-water when incomplete solution or suspension was mixed. Slower cisplatin release was shown in the emulsions formed by the device.