Human primary epidermal organoids enable modeling of dermatophyte infections.

Technology of generating human epidermal derivatives with physiological relevance to in vivo epidermis is continuously investigated for improving their effects on modeling of human natural dermatological status in basic and clinical studies. Here, we report a method of robust establishment and expansion of human primary epidermal organoids (hPEOs) under a chemically defined condition. hPEOs reconstruct morphological, molecular, and functional features of human epidermis and can expand for 6 weeks. Remarkably, hPEOs are permissive for dermatophyte infections caused by Trichophyton Rubrum (T. rubrum). The T. rubrum infections on hPEOs reflect many aspects of known clinical pathological reactions and reveal that the repression on IL-1 signaling may contribute to chronic and recurrent infections with the slight inflammation caused by T. rubrum in human skin. Thus, our present study provides a new insight into the pathogenesis of T. rubrum infections and indicates that hPEOs are a potential ex vivo model for both basic studies of skin diseases and clinical studies of testing potential antifungal drugs.