Xueyan Xi1,2,3, Yang Guo4,5, Min Zhu4, Yuhui Wei6, Gang Li7, Boyu Du4, Yunfu Wang8,9. 1. Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, No. 30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, People's Republic of China. xixueyan2001@126.com. 2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, People's Republic of China. xixueyan2001@126.com. 3. Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, People's Republic of China. xixueyan2001@126.com. 4. Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, No. 30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, People's Republic of China. 5. Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, People's Republic of China. 6. Institute of Neuroscience, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, People's Republic of China. 7. Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, People's Republic of China. 8. Institute of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, No. 30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, 442000, People's Republic of China. wyfymc@sina.com. 9. Institute of Neuroscience, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, People's Republic of China. wyfymc@sina.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chemokine levels in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been shown to be markedly elevated. But the role of chemokines in mild COVID-19 has not yet been established. According to the epidemiological statistics, most of the COVID-19 cases in Shiyan City, China, have been mild. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of chemokines in mild COVID-19 patients and explore the correlation between chemokines and host immune response. METHODS: In this study, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect serum levels of chemokines in COVID-19 patients in Shiyan City. Expression of chemokine receptors and of other signaling molecules was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: We first demonstrated that COVID-19 patients, both sever and mild cases, are characterized by higher level of chemokines. Specifically, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) is expressed at higher levels both in severe and mild cases of COVID-19. The receptor of MCP-1, C-C chemokine receptor type 2, was expressed at higher levels in mild COVID-19 patients. Finally, we observed a significant negative correlation between expression levels of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and serum levels of MCP-1 in mild COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION: Higher expression of MCP-1 in mild COVID-19 patients might be correlated with inhibition of IFN signaling. The finding adds to our understanding of the immunopathological mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and provides potential therapeutic targets and strategies.
BACKGROUND: Chemokine levels in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been shown to be markedly elevated. But the role of chemokines in mild COVID-19 has not yet been established. According to the epidemiological statistics, most of the COVID-19 cases in Shiyan City, China, have been mild. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of chemokines in mild COVID-19patients and explore the correlation between chemokines and host immune response. METHODS: In this study, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect serum levels of chemokines in COVID-19patients in Shiyan City. Expression of chemokine receptors and of other signaling molecules was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: We first demonstrated that COVID-19patients, both sever and mild cases, are characterized by higher level of chemokines. Specifically, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) is expressed at higher levels both in severe and mild cases of COVID-19. The receptor of MCP-1, C-C chemokine receptor type 2, was expressed at higher levels in mild COVID-19patients. Finally, we observed a significant negative correlation between expression levels of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and serum levels of MCP-1 in mild COVID-19patients. CONCLUSION: Higher expression of MCP-1 in mild COVID-19patients might be correlated with inhibition of IFN signaling. The finding adds to our understanding of the immunopathological mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2infection and provides potential therapeutic targets and strategies.
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