Pizga Kumwenda1, Emmanuel C Adukwu2, Ebot S Tabe3, Victor C Ujor4, Pocha S Kamudumuli5, Maono Ngwira1, Joseph Tsung Shu Wu6,7, Master R O Chisale8,9,10. 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mzuzu University, Private Bag 201, Luwinga, Mzuzu 2, Malawi. 2. Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK. 3. Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, 12208, USA. 4. Bioenergy and Water Treatment Management Program, Agricultural Technical Institute, The Ohio State University, 1328 Dover Road, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA. 5. Maryland Global Initiative Corporation, Golden Peacock Shopping Complex, Area 13, City Centre, P.O Box 2298, Lilongwe, Malawi. 6. Luke International (LIN), Box 1088, Mzuzu, Malawi. 7. Pingtung Christian Hospital (PTCH), Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 8. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mzuzu University, Private Bag 201, Luwinga, Mzuzu 2, Malawi. masterchisale@gmail.com. 9. Luke International (LIN), Box 1088, Mzuzu, Malawi. masterchisale@gmail.com. 10. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Innovation, Mzuzu University, Private Bag 201, Luwinga, Mzuzu 2, Malawi. masterchisale@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bacterial infections are a significant cause of sickness and death in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at establishing the prevalence, distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of major bacterial isolates from patients accessing medical care at a tertiary hospital in Malawi. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed bacteria culture and antimicrobial susceptibility records for 4617 patients from 2002 to 2014 at Mzuzu Central Hospital (MCH). No inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed. Data was analysed using excel (Microsoft office, USA) and GraphPad prism 7 software programs. RESULTS: The most prevalent isolates were S. aureus (34.7%, n = 783), Klebsiella species (17.4%, n = 393) and Proteus species (11.4%, n = 256). Most microorganisms were isolated from adults (88.3%, n = 3889) and pus was the main source (69.3%, n = 1224). S. pneumoniae was predominantly isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (60.3%, n = 44) largely collected from children (88.2%, n = 64). Overall, most bacteria exhibited high resistance to all regularly used antimicrobials excluding ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: Our report demonstrates an increase in bacterial infection burden in sites other than blood stream and subsequent increase in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance for all major isolates. Creating an epidemiological survey unit at MCH will be essential to help inform better treatment and management options for patients with bacterial infections.
BACKGROUND:Bacterial infections are a significant cause of sickness and death in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at establishing the prevalence, distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of major bacterial isolates from patients accessing medical care at a tertiary hospital in Malawi. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed bacteria culture and antimicrobial susceptibility records for 4617 patients from 2002 to 2014 at Mzuzu Central Hospital (MCH). No inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed. Data was analysed using excel (Microsoft office, USA) and GraphPad prism 7 software programs. RESULTS: The most prevalent isolates were S. aureus (34.7%, n = 783), Klebsiella species (17.4%, n = 393) and Proteus species (11.4%, n = 256). Most microorganisms were isolated from adults (88.3%, n = 3889) and pus was the main source (69.3%, n = 1224). S. pneumoniae was predominantly isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (60.3%, n = 44) largely collected from children (88.2%, n = 64). Overall, most bacteria exhibited high resistance to all regularly used antimicrobials excluding ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: Our report demonstrates an increase in bacterial infection burden in sites other than blood stream and subsequent increase in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance for all major isolates. Creating an epidemiological survey unit at MCH will be essential to help inform better treatment and management options for patients with bacterial infections.
Authors: Inácio Mandomando; Betuel Sigaúque; Luis Morais; Mateu Espasa; Xavier Vallès; Jahit Sacarlal; Eusébio Macete; Pedro Aide; Llorenç Quintò; Tacilta Nhampossa; Sónia Machevo; Quique Bassat; Clara Menéndez; Joaquim Ruiz; Anna Roca; Pedro L Alonso Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2010-07 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Steven Y C Tong; Joshua S Davis; Emily Eichenberger; Thomas L Holland; Vance G Fowler Journal: Clin Microbiol Rev Date: 2015-07 Impact factor: 26.132
Authors: Mwai H Makoka; William C Miller; Irving F Hoffman; Rushina Cholera; Peter H Gilligan; Debbie Kamwendo; Gabriel Malunga; George Joaki; Francis Martinson; Mina C Hosseinipour Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2012-03-21 Impact factor: 3.090
Authors: Patrick Musicha; Jennifer E Cornick; Naor Bar-Zeev; Neil French; Clemens Masesa; Brigitte Denis; Neil Kennedy; Jane Mallewa; Melita A Gordon; Chisomo L Msefula; Robert S Heyderman; Dean B Everett; Nicholas A Feasey Journal: Lancet Infect Dis Date: 2017-08-14 Impact factor: 25.071
Authors: Naiki Attram; Bright Agbodzi; Helena Dela; Eric Behene; Edward O Nyarko; Nicholas N A Kyei; John A Larbi; Bernard W L Lawson; Kennedy K Addo; Mercy J Newman; Christopher A Duplessis; Nehkonti Adams; Magnus Unemo; Andrew G Letizia Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-10-10 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Nicholas A Feasey; Angela Houston; Mavuto Mukaka; Dan Komrower; Thandie Mwalukomo; Lyson Tenthani; Andreas Jahn; Mike Moore; Remco P H Peters; Melita A Gordon; Dean B Everett; Neil French; Joep J van Oosterhout; Theresa J Allain; Robert S Heyderman Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-03-18 Impact factor: 3.240