Bidisha Chanda1, Md Shamimuzzaman1,2, Andrea Gilliard1, Kai-Shu Ling3. 1. United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, 29414, USA. 2. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA. 3. United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, 29414, USA. kai.ling@usda.gov.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobamoviruses, including tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) on tomato and pepper, and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) on cucumber and watermelon, have caused many disease outbreaks around the world in recent years. With seed-borne, mechanical transmission and resistant breaking traits, tobamoviruses pose serious threat to vegetable production worldwide. With the absence of a commercial resistant cultivar, growers are encouraged to take preventative measures to manage those highly contagious viral diseases. However, there is no information available on which disinfectants are effective to deactivate the virus infectivity on contaminated hands, tools and equipment for these emerging tobamoviruses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a collection of 16 chemical disinfectants for their effectiveness against mechanical transmission of two emerging tobamoviruses, ToBRFV and CGMMV. METHODS: Bioassay was used to evaluate the efficacy of each disinfectant based on virus infectivity remaining in a prepared virus inoculum after three short exposure times (10 s, 30 s and 60 s) to the disinfectant and inoculated mechanically on three respective test plants (ToBRFV on tomato and CGMMV on watermelon). Percent infection of plants was measured through symptom observation on the test plants and the presence of the virus was confirmed through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with appropriate antibodies. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA based on data collected from three independent experiments. RESULTS: Through comparative analysis of percent infection of test plants, a similar trend of efficacy among 16 disinfectants was observed between the two pathosystems. Four common disinfectants with broad spectrum activities against two different tobamoviruses were identified. Those effective disinfectants with 90-100% efficacy against both tobamoviruses were 0.5% Lactoferrin, 2% Virocid, and 10% Clorox, plus 2% Virkon against CGMMV and 3% Virkon against ToBRFV. In addition, SP2700 generated a significant effect against CGMMV, but poorly against ToBRFV. CONCLUSION: Identification of common disinfectants against ToBRFV and CGMMV, two emerging tobamoviruses in two different pathosystems suggest their potential broader effects against other tobamoviruses or even other viruses.
BACKGROUND: Tobamoviruses, including tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) on tomato and pepper, and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) on cucumber and watermelon, have caused many disease outbreaks around the world in recent years. With seed-borne, mechanical transmission and resistant breaking traits, tobamoviruses pose serious threat to vegetable production worldwide. With the absence of a commercial resistant cultivar, growers are encouraged to take preventative measures to manage those highly contagious viral diseases. However, there is no information available on which disinfectants are effective to deactivate the virus infectivity on contaminated hands, tools and equipment for these emerging tobamoviruses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a collection of 16 chemical disinfectants for their effectiveness against mechanical transmission of two emerging tobamoviruses, ToBRFV and CGMMV. METHODS: Bioassay was used to evaluate the efficacy of each disinfectant based on virus infectivity remaining in a prepared virus inoculum after three short exposure times (10 s, 30 s and 60 s) to the disinfectant and inoculated mechanically on three respective test plants (ToBRFV on tomato and CGMMV on watermelon). Percent infection of plants was measured through symptom observation on the test plants and the presence of the virus was confirmed through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with appropriate antibodies. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA based on data collected from three independent experiments. RESULTS: Through comparative analysis of percent infection of test plants, a similar trend of efficacy among 16 disinfectants was observed between the two pathosystems. Four common disinfectants with broad spectrum activities against two different tobamoviruses were identified. Those effective disinfectants with 90-100% efficacy against both tobamoviruses were 0.5% Lactoferrin, 2% Virocid, and 10% Clorox, plus 2% Virkon against CGMMV and 3% Virkon against ToBRFV. In addition, SP2700 generated a significant effect against CGMMV, but poorly against ToBRFV. CONCLUSION: Identification of common disinfectants against ToBRFV and CGMMV, two emerging tobamoviruses in two different pathosystems suggest their potential broader effects against other tobamoviruses or even other viruses.
Entities:
Keywords:
CGMMV; Disease control; Disinfectants; ToBRFV; Tobamovirus; Tomato and watermelon
Authors: Karen-Beth G Scholthof; Scott Adkins; Henryk Czosnek; Peter Palukaitis; Emmanuel Jacquot; Thomas Hohn; Barbara Hohn; Keith Saunders; Thierry Candresse; Paul Ahlquist; Cynthia Hemenway; Gary D Foster Journal: Mol Plant Pathol Date: 2011-10-21 Impact factor: 5.663
Authors: Liming Liu; Bin Peng; Zhenwei Zhang; Yang Wu; Manuel Miras; Miguel A Aranda; Qinsheng Gu Journal: Phytopathology Date: 2017-07-20 Impact factor: 4.025
Authors: Shaokang Zhang; Jonathan S Griffiths; Geneviève Marchand; Mark A Bernards; Aiming Wang Journal: Mol Plant Pathol Date: 2022-05-22 Impact factor: 5.520
Authors: Karla Rivera-Márquez; Leandro Alberto Núñez-Muñoz; Berenice Calderón-Pérez; Rodolfo De La Torre-Almaraz; Brenda Yazmín Vargas-Hernández; Roberto Ruiz-Medrano; Beatriz Xoconostle-Cázares Journal: Front Plant Sci Date: 2022-09-30 Impact factor: 6.627