Aina M Galmes-Panades1,2, Jadwiga Konieczna3,4, Veronica Varela-Mato5, Itziar Abete1,6,7, Nancy Babio1,8,9, Miquel Fiol1,2, José Antonio de Paz10, Rosa Casas1,11, Romina Olbeyra12, Miguel Ruiz-Canela1,13, Antoni Palau-Galindo8,9,14, Olga Castañer1,15, Arturo Martín-García16, Ramón Estruch1,11, Josep Vidal12,17,18, Pilar Buil-Cosiales1,13,19, Julia Wärnberg1,20, Jordi Salas-Salvadó1,8,9, J Alfredo Martínez1,6,7,21, Dora Romaguera1,2. 1. Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. 2. Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), Palma de Mallorca, Spain. 3. Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. jadwiga.konieczna@ssib.es. 4. Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases (HUSE), Palma de Mallorca, Spain. jadwiga.konieczna@ssib.es. 5. School of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK. 6. Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. 7. Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. 8. Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain. 9. Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain. 10. Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain. 11. Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 12. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. 13. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDiSNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. 14. ABS Reus V. Centre d'Assistència Primària Marià Fortuny, SAGESSA, Reus, Spain. 15. Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain. 16. Research Group in Gene-Environment Interactions and Health, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain. 17. CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. 18. Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Obesity Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. 19. Primary Health Care, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Navarra, Spain. 20. School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain. 21. Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The optimal distribution between physical activity (PA) levels and sedentary behaviour (SB) for the greatest benefits for body composition among older adults with overweight/obesity and chronic health conditions remains unclear. We aimed to determine the prospective association between changes in PA and in SB with concurrent changes in body composition and to examine whether reallocating inactive time into different physical activity levels was associated with 12-month change to body composition in older adults. METHODS: Longitudinal assessment nested in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. A subsample (n = 1564) of men and women (age 55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from both arms of the PREDIMED-Plus trial was included in the present analysis. Participants were followed up at 6 and 12 months. Physical activity and SB were assessed using validated questionnaires. Out of 1564 participants, 388 wore an accelerometer to objectively measure inactive time and PA over a 7-day period. At each time point, participants' body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Standard covariate-adjusted and isotemporal substitution modelling were applied to linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Increasing 30 min of total PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with significant reductions in body fat (β - 0.07% and - 0.08%) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (- 13.9 g, and - 15.6 g) at 12 months (all p values < 0.001). Reallocating 30 min of inactive time to MVPA was associated with reductions in body fat and VAT and with an increase in muscle mass and muscle-to-fat mass ratio (all p values < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: At 12 months, increasing total PA and MVPA and reducing total SB and TV-viewing SB were associated with improved body composition in participants with overweight or obesity, and metabolic syndrome. This was also observed when substituting 30 min of inactive time with total PA, LPA and MVPA, with the greatest benefits observed with MVPA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN), 89898870 . Retrospectively registered on 24 July 2014.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: The optimal distribution between physical activity (PA) levels and sedentary behaviour (SB) for the greatest benefits for body composition among older adults with overweight/obesity and chronic health conditions remains unclear. We aimed to determine the prospective association between changes in PA and in SB with concurrent changes in body composition and to examine whether reallocating inactive time into different physical activity levels was associated with 12-month change to body composition in older adults. METHODS: Longitudinal assessment nested in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. A subsample (n = 1564) of men and women (age 55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from both arms of the PREDIMED-Plus trial was included in the present analysis. Participants were followed up at 6 and 12 months. Physical activity and SB were assessed using validated questionnaires. Out of 1564 participants, 388 wore an accelerometer to objectively measure inactive time and PA over a 7-day period. At each time point, participants' body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Standard covariate-adjusted and isotemporal substitution modelling were applied to linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Increasing 30 min of total PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with significant reductions in body fat (β - 0.07% and - 0.08%) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (- 13.9 g, and - 15.6 g) at 12 months (all p values < 0.001). Reallocating 30 min of inactive time to MVPA was associated with reductions in body fat and VAT and with an increase in muscle mass and muscle-to-fat mass ratio (all p values < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: At 12 months, increasing total PA and MVPA and reducing total SB and TV-viewing SB were associated with improved body composition in participants with overweight or obesity, and metabolic syndrome. This was also observed when substituting 30 min of inactive time with total PA, LPA and MVPA, with the greatest benefits observed with MVPA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN), 89898870 . Retrospectively registered on 24 July 2014.
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