Filipe Manuel Clemente1,2, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo3,4, Hugo Sarmento5. 1. Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal. filipe.clemente5@gmail.com. 2. Delegação da Covilhã, Instituto de Telecomunicações, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. filipe.clemente5@gmail.com. 3. Human Performance Laboratory, Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Lord Cochrane 1046, Osorno, Chile. 4. Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile. 5. Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The off-season period in soccer leads necessarily to changes in fitness status. However, there is a lack of systematization that allows identifying the magnitude of these changes in groups participating in off-season training programs compared with those subjected to training cessation. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of training cessation in off-season training programs on men soccer players' body fat, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT), vertical jump, sprinting time, and repeated-sprint ability. METHODS: To qualify for inclusion in the systematic review, studies must have included: (1) a detraining period of ≥ 2 weeks; (2) controlled trials or cohorts of healthy men soccer players with no restriction on age; and (3) a pre-post training cessation or off-season training programs measure of body fat (%), VO2max (mL kg-1 min-1), YYIRT performance (meters), vertical jump (height), sprinting (time), and repeated-sprint ability (total time). RESULTS: The electronic search yielded 563 articles, and 12 were subsequently included. Significant (all p < 0.05) detrimental training cessation effects were noted for body fat (ES = 0.26), VO2max (ES = - 1.48), YYIRT (ES = - 0.46), vertical jump (ES = - 0.81), and repeated-sprint ability (ES = 0.68). Similarly, significant (all p < 0.05) detrimental off-season training programs effects were noted for body fat (ES = 0.26), VO2max (ES = - 0.48), vertical jump (ES = - 0.51), and sprinting time (ES = 0.86). When training cessation and off-season training programs effects were compared, greater detrimental effects were noted after training cessation for VO2max (p = 0.002) and repeated-sprint ability (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Detrimental effects on body composition and physical fitness were observed after both training cessation and off-season training programs. However, off-season training programs seem to ameliorate such detrimental effects on VO2max and repeated-sprint ability to some extent. The results presented here call for the implementation of more effective off-season training programs among male soccer players.
BACKGROUND: The off-season period in soccer leads necessarily to changes in fitness status. However, there is a lack of systematization that allows identifying the magnitude of these changes in groups participating in off-season training programs compared with those subjected to training cessation. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of training cessation in off-season training programs on men soccer players' body fat, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT), vertical jump, sprinting time, and repeated-sprint ability. METHODS: To qualify for inclusion in the systematic review, studies must have included: (1) a detraining period of ≥ 2 weeks; (2) controlled trials or cohorts of healthy men soccer players with no restriction on age; and (3) a pre-post training cessation or off-season training programs measure of body fat (%), VO2max (mL kg-1 min-1), YYIRT performance (meters), vertical jump (height), sprinting (time), and repeated-sprint ability (total time). RESULTS: The electronic search yielded 563 articles, and 12 were subsequently included. Significant (all p < 0.05) detrimental training cessation effects were noted for body fat (ES = 0.26), VO2max (ES = - 1.48), YYIRT (ES = - 0.46), vertical jump (ES = - 0.81), and repeated-sprint ability (ES = 0.68). Similarly, significant (all p < 0.05) detrimental off-season training programs effects were noted for body fat (ES = 0.26), VO2max (ES = - 0.48), vertical jump (ES = - 0.51), and sprinting time (ES = 0.86). When training cessation and off-season training programs effects were compared, greater detrimental effects were noted after training cessation for VO2max (p = 0.002) and repeated-sprint ability (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Detrimental effects on body composition and physical fitness were observed after both training cessation and off-season training programs. However, off-season training programs seem to ameliorate such detrimental effects on VO2max and repeated-sprint ability to some extent. The results presented here call for the implementation of more effective off-season training programs among male soccer players.
Authors: Luis Suarez-Arrones; Pilar Lara-Lopez; Rafael Maldonado; Nacho Torreno; Moises De Hoyo; Fabio Yuzo Nakamura; Valter Di Salvo; Alberto Mendez-Villanueva Journal: PeerJ Date: 2019-08-13 Impact factor: 2.984
Authors: Filipe Manuel Clemente; Cain Clark; Daniel Castillo; Hugo Sarmento; Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis; Thomas Rosemann; Beat Knechtle Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-12-04 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Fabrizio Perroni; Simona Fittipaldi; Lavinia Falcioni; Lucia Ghizzoni; Paolo Borrione; Mario Vetrano; Riccardo Del Vescovo; Silvia Migliaccio; Laura Guidetti; Carlo Baldari Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-11-25 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Filipe Manuel Clemente; Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis; Thomas Rosemann; Beat Knechtle Journal: Front Physiol Date: 2019-04-17 Impact factor: 4.566
Authors: Filipe Manuel Clemente; Yusuf Soylu; Ersan Arslan; Bulent Kilit; Joel Garrett; Daniel van den Hoek; Georgian Badicu; Ana Filipa Silva Journal: PeerJ Date: 2022-07-01 Impact factor: 3.061
Authors: Sigurd Pedersen; Dag Johansen; Andrea Casolo; Morten B Randers; Edvard H Sagelv; Boye Welde; Andreas Kjæreng Winther; Svein Arne Pettersen Journal: Front Physiol Date: 2021-02-26 Impact factor: 4.566
Authors: Filipe Manuel Clemente; Francisco Tomás González-Fernández; Halil Ibrahim Ceylan; Rui Silva; Saeid Younesi; Yung-Sheng Chen; Georgian Badicu; Paweł Wolański; Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2021-11-27 Impact factor: 4.241
Authors: Sümer Alvurdu; Cihan Baykal; Zeki Akyildiz; Ömer Şenel; Ana Filipa Silva; Daniele Conte; Filipe Manuel Clemente Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-01-20 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Łukasz Radzimiński; Miguel Lorenzo-Martinez; Marek Konefał; Paweł Chmura; Marcin Andrzejewski; Zbigniew Jastrzębski; Alexis Padrón-Cabo Journal: Biol Sport Date: 2022-04-21 Impact factor: 4.606