Yoshiyasu Miyajima1,2, Tadashi Toyama3,4, Mika Mori2,5, Yusuke Nakade1,2, Koichi Sato1, Yuta Yamamura1, Hisayuki Ogura1,6, Shiori Yoneda-Nakagawa1, Megumi Oshima1, Taro Miyagawa1, Soichiro Usui2,5, Hiroyasu Oe2, Shinji Kitajima1, Akinori Hara1, Yasunori Iwata1, Norihiko Sakai1, Miho Shimizu1, Yoshio Sakai1,2, Kengo Furuichi7, Takashi Wada8,9. 1. Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan. 2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan. 3. Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan. t-toyama@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp. 4. Innovative Clinical Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan. t-toyama@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp. 5. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan. 6. Innovative Clinical Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan. 7. Department of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, Uchinada, Japan. 8. Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan. twada@m-kanazawa.jp. 9. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan. twada@m-kanazawa.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Preclinical left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a high-risk state for heart failure. Kidney dysfunction is a known risk factor for heart failure, but its association with asymptomatic LVDD is not well-known. METHODS: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent echocardiogram between 2006 and 2016 to assess the association between baseline kidney function and LVDD on echocardiogram. E/e' ratio was defined as the ratio of peak velocity of early diastolic left ventricular inflow (E) to mitral annular velocity (e'). The primary outcome was time to development of LVDD, which was defined as E/e' ratio > 14. The changes in the E/e' ratio and other echocardiographic parameters were assessed using a mixed effects model. RESULTS: Among 1167 patients, the mean age was 61 years, and the mean baseline E/e' ratio and ejection fraction were 9.6 and 69%, respectively. During a median follow-up of 3.2 years, 231 (19.8%) people developed LVDD. According to eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), the risk for LVDD based on hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] was 1.20 (0.82, 1.75) for 60 to < 90, 1.42 (0.87, 2.31) for 45 to < 60, and 2.57 (1.61, 4.09) for < 45 (P trend < 0.001). The adjusted risks (95% CI) for annual change in E/e' ratio was 0.09 (0.03, 0.14) overall and 0.28 (0.11, 0.45) in the lowest eGFR group; the trend in changes in annual E/e' ratio by baseline eGFR was significant (P trend = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Relatively low kidney function was related with the risks for LVDD. Long-term cohort studies are warranted to confirm the association between LVDD and symptomatic heart failure in patients with kidney dysfunction.
BACKGROUND: Preclinical left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a high-risk state for heart failure. Kidney dysfunction is a known risk factor for heart failure, but its association with asymptomatic LVDD is not well-known. METHODS: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent echocardiogram between 2006 and 2016 to assess the association between baseline kidney function and LVDD on echocardiogram. E/e' ratio was defined as the ratio of peak velocity of early diastolic left ventricular inflow (E) to mitral annular velocity (e'). The primary outcome was time to development of LVDD, which was defined as E/e' ratio > 14. The changes in the E/e' ratio and other echocardiographic parameters were assessed using a mixed effects model. RESULTS: Among 1167 patients, the mean age was 61 years, and the mean baseline E/e' ratio and ejection fraction were 9.6 and 69%, respectively. During a median follow-up of 3.2 years, 231 (19.8%) people developed LVDD. According to eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), the risk for LVDD based on hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] was 1.20 (0.82, 1.75) for 60 to < 90, 1.42 (0.87, 2.31) for 45 to < 60, and 2.57 (1.61, 4.09) for < 45 (P trend < 0.001). The adjusted risks (95% CI) for annual change in E/e' ratio was 0.09 (0.03, 0.14) overall and 0.28 (0.11, 0.45) in the lowest eGFR group; the trend in changes in annual E/e' ratio by baseline eGFR was significant (P trend = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Relatively low kidney function was related with the risks for LVDD. Long-term cohort studies are warranted to confirm the association between LVDD and symptomatic heart failure in patients with kidney dysfunction.
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