Daisuke Bai1,2, Hiroaki Kurokawa3,4, Shigeki Morita3,4, Takuma Miyamoto3,4, Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh5, Yasuhito Tanaka3,4. 1. Department of Rehabilitation, Heisei Memorial Hospital, 827, Shijyocho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-0813, Japan. h1371019@kio.ac.jp. 2. Graduate School of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Reconstructive Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan. h1371019@kio.ac.jp. 3. Graduate School of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Reconstructive Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan. 4. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan. 5. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendons are frequently used in surgery. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the chiasma plantare formation preoperatively. The development of ultrasonography (US) may help the chiasma plantare formation evaluation. The purpose of this study is to prove the usefulness of the US method using cadavers. METHODS: Eleven cases (twenty-two ankles) were obtained from Asian adult cadavers. At first, we evaluated and compared the chiasma plantare formation using US. Later, we evaluated that using the findings after dissection as type A (connection from FHL to FDL of the second toe), type B (connection from FHL to the second and third toes), type C (connection from FHL to the second through fourth toes), or type D (connection from FHL to all lesser toes). RESULTS: Chiasma plantare formation was classified as types A and B in fifteen and seven ankles, respectively. After dissection, chiasma plantare formation was classified as types A, B, and C in fourteen, six, and two ankles, respectively. Therefore, there was an 86% similarity between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: Chiasma plantare formation can be reliably and noninvasively evaluated using US. This may be useful for preoperative rehabilitation or surgical procedure planning.
PURPOSE:Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendons are frequently used in surgery. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the chiasma plantare formation preoperatively. The development of ultrasonography (US) may help the chiasma plantare formation evaluation. The purpose of this study is to prove the usefulness of the US method using cadavers. METHODS: Eleven cases (twenty-two ankles) were obtained from Asian adult cadavers. At first, we evaluated and compared the chiasma plantare formation using US. Later, we evaluated that using the findings after dissection as type A (connection from FHL to FDL of the second toe), type B (connection from FHL to the second and third toes), type C (connection from FHL to the second through fourth toes), or type D (connection from FHL to all lesser toes). RESULTS: Chiasma plantare formation was classified as types A and B in fifteen and seven ankles, respectively. After dissection, chiasma plantare formation was classified as types A, B, and C in fourteen, six, and two ankles, respectively. Therefore, there was an 86% similarity between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: Chiasma plantare formation can be reliably and noninvasively evaluated using US. This may be useful for preoperative rehabilitation or surgical procedure planning.
Authors: Luke A Kelly; Andrew G Cresswell; Sebastien Racinais; Rodney Whiteley; Glen Lichtwark Journal: J R Soc Interface Date: 2014-01-29 Impact factor: 4.118