Symptom Management Theory: Analysis, Evaluation, and Implications for Caring for Adults With Cancer.

A detailed analysis of Symptom Management Theory (SMT) along with its extent of use and implications for adults with cancer as demonstrated in 20 oncology research studies is reported. SMT provides useful guidance for adult oncology research and nursing practice. Theory dimension most researched in cancer was symptom experience. Although theory assertions were demonstrated in 80% of the studies, it was used to an adequate extent only in 35% of them. Comparisons between cancer-related clinical outcomes with and without use of SMT, certain theory modifications, and future SMT-based studies involving longitudinal designs in this population are warranted.