Zi-Shan Lin1, Ai-Bo Qin1, Su-Xia Wang1,2, Xiao-Juan Yu1, Bao Dong3, Zu-Ying Xiong4, Meng-Hua Chen5, Fu-De Zhou6, Ming-Hui Zhao1,7. 1. Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Renal Pathology Center, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China; Ministry of Education of China; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China. 2. Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Pathological Centre, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China. 3. Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, 110102, People's Republic of China. 4. Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, People's Republic of China. 5. Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 640104, People's Republic of China. 6. Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Renal Pathology Center, Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China; Ministry of Education of China; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China. zhoufude1801@vip.sina.com. 7. Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Light chain cast nephropathy is the most common form of renal lesion in multiple myeloma. Kidney impairment caused by light chain cast nephropathy can be reversed and survival can be improved if early diagnosis is available. It is thus of imperative importance to develop a non-invasive method to diagnose light chain cast nephropathy once the kidney biopsy is not always applicable. METHODS: We consecutively screened newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients with kidney biopsies from 4 centers in China. Kidney pathologies were reviewed and clinical presentations were recorded. Then a diagnostic model was established by logistic regression and the predictive values were assessed. RESULTS: Between 1 June 1999 and 30 June 2019, a kidney biopsy was performed in 94 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, and light chain cast nephropathy was the most common pattern, seen in 52% of biopsied patients. The diagnostic model was established by multivariate logistic regression analysis as P(z) = 1/(1 + e-z) and z = - 0.093 Hemoglobin (g/L) + 0.421 Serum albumin (g/L) + 3.463 Acute kidney injury (0/1) - 9.207 High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L). If P(z) ≥ 0.55, the diagnosis pointed to light chain cast nephropathy; if P(z) < 0.55, the diagnosis favored non-light chain cast nephropathy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.981 (95% CI 0.959, 1.000). The model had a sensitivity of 93.9%, a specificity of 95.6%, a positive predictive value of 96.0%, a negative predictive value of 94.0%, and a total consistency of 95.0%. CONCLUSION: We built a novel, non-invasive diagnostic model through a multicenter study, which may be helpful in the diagnosis of light chain cast nephropathy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients.
OBJECTIVE: Light chain cast nephropathy is the most common form of renal lesion in multiple myeloma. Kidney impairment caused by light chain cast nephropathy can be reversed and survival can be improved if early diagnosis is available. It is thus of imperative importance to develop a non-invasive method to diagnose light chain cast nephropathy once the kidney biopsy is not always applicable. METHODS: We consecutively screened newly diagnosed multiple myelomapatients with kidney biopsies from 4 centers in China. Kidney pathologies were reviewed and clinical presentations were recorded. Then a diagnostic model was established by logistic regression and the predictive values were assessed. RESULTS: Between 1 June 1999 and 30 June 2019, a kidney biopsy was performed in 94 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, and light chain cast nephropathy was the most common pattern, seen in 52% of biopsied patients. The diagnostic model was established by multivariate logistic regression analysis as P(z) = 1/(1 + e-z) and z = - 0.093 Hemoglobin (g/L) + 0.421 Serum albumin (g/L) + 3.463 Acute kidney injury (0/1) - 9.207 High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L). If P(z) ≥ 0.55, the diagnosis pointed to light chain cast nephropathy; if P(z) < 0.55, the diagnosis favored non-light chain cast nephropathy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.981 (95% CI 0.959, 1.000). The model had a sensitivity of 93.9%, a specificity of 95.6%, a positive predictive value of 96.0%, a negative predictive value of 94.0%, and a total consistency of 95.0%. CONCLUSION: We built a novel, non-invasive diagnostic model through a multicenter study, which may be helpful in the diagnosis of light chain cast nephropathy in newly diagnosed multiple myelomapatients.
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