C A de Araújo Vitor1, A de Oliveira Lira Ortega2, A C F M Ferreira1, C A-A L da Silva1, M H C Gallottini3, M T B R Santos4,5. 1. Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 2. Pediatric Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 3. The Discipline of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 4. Individuals with Special Needs, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. drsantosmt@yahoo.com.br. 5. Cruzeiro do Sul University, Rua Constantino de Sousa, 454, apto 141, São Paulo, SP, 04605-001, Brazil. drsantosmt@yahoo.com.br.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Pain is considered a stressful experience, related to real or possible tissue damage with emotional, sensory, social and cognitive components. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare, using a digital algometer, the pressure pain threshold of temporal and masseter muscles of children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data regarding gender and age were collected from the caregiver of children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability. The evaluations followed this sequence: pressure pain threshold of the masseter and temporal muscles, evaluation of pain on touch using the visual analog scale and signs and symptoms of Temporomandibular disorder. The χ2 test, the Kolgomorov-Smirnov test, Student t test and Mann-Whitney test were performed. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: Two homogeneous groups by gender (P = 0.258) and age (P = 0.727) were evaluated, of which 25 children and adolescents presented intellectual disability and another 25 did not have intellectual disability. No significant difference was observed between groups on the pressure pain threshold of the masseter and temporal muscles, nor pressure average or exam time (P > 0.05). Regarding Temporomandibular dysfunction, no difference in signs or symptoms frequency was found (P > 0.05). However, the range of maximum mouth opening was smaller in the intellectual disability group (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents with intellectual disability and preserved basic functionalities do not present alterations in pain perception when evaluated with computerized pressure algometer and visual analog scale. They present similar threshold of pain to pressure as those reported by normative children and adolescents. These results emphasize the importance to treat these children and adolescents with intellectual disability with respect to their pain threshold.
PURPOSE:Pain is considered a stressful experience, related to real or possible tissue damage with emotional, sensory, social and cognitive components. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare, using a digital algometer, the pressure pain threshold of temporal and masseter muscles of children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data regarding gender and age were collected from the caregiver of children and adolescents with and without intellectual disability. The evaluations followed this sequence: pressure pain threshold of the masseter and temporal muscles, evaluation of pain on touch using the visual analog scale and signs and symptoms of Temporomandibular disorder. The χ2 test, the Kolgomorov-Smirnov test, Student t test and Mann-Whitney test were performed. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: Two homogeneous groups by gender (P = 0.258) and age (P = 0.727) were evaluated, of which 25 children and adolescents presented intellectual disability and another 25 did not have intellectual disability. No significant difference was observed between groups on the pressure pain threshold of the masseter and temporal muscles, nor pressure average or exam time (P > 0.05). Regarding Temporomandibular dysfunction, no difference in signs or symptoms frequency was found (P > 0.05). However, the range of maximum mouth opening was smaller in the intellectual disability group (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION:Children and adolescents with intellectual disability and preserved basic functionalities do not present alterations in pain perception when evaluated with computerized pressure algometer and visual analog scale. They present similar threshold of pain to pressure as those reported by normative children and adolescents. These results emphasize the importance to treat these children and adolescents with intellectual disability with respect to their pain threshold.
Authors: Inmaculada Riquelme; Isabel Escobio-Prieto; Ángel Oliva-Pascual-Vaca; Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo; Pedro Montoya Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-04-27 Impact factor: 3.390