Endovascular approaches in pediatric interventional oncology.

The demand for interventional oncological (IO) treatment of pediatric cancers is becoming increasingly common, at least at several tertiary care institutions. The data and techniques used in pediatric IO are largely extrapolated from experience in adult patients. The management of pediatric tumors differs from that in adults in several categories, such as, the curative intent of treatment, wide use of general anesthesia, aggressive pain management, potentially longer hospital stay, variation in chemotherapy dosing etc. Additionally, pediatric cancers are managed by protocols directed by national and international oncology groups such as the Children's Oncology Group (COG). Consequently, the translation and adoption of these techniques is gradual, but there is a noticeable uptrend due to the growing need. This review will update the current endovascular IO treatments for common pediatric liver, renal, bone and soft tissue tumors.