Makoto Sohda1, Hiroshi Saeki2, Hiroyuki Kuwano2, Makoto Sakai2, Akihiko Sano2, Takehiko Yokobori2, Tatsuya Miyazaki2, Yoshihiro Kakeji3, Yasushi Toh4, Yuichiro Doki5, Hisahiro Matsubara6. 1. Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan. msohda@gunma-u.ac.jp. 2. Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan. 3. Division of Gastro-Intestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan. 4. Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan. 5. Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. 6. Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: n our previous nationwide survey report on esophageal perforation, we proposed the existence of cases with idiopathic esophageal perforation at a certain rate. AIMS: To elucidate the clinical characteristics of idiopathic esophageal perforation, we performed a comparative analysis between cases with idiopathic type and post-emetic type esophageal perforation. METHODS: This study enrolled 139 patients with esophageal perforation (post-emetic type: idiopathic type = 115:24) as the subjects of nationwide survey on esophageal perforation. We conducted detailed studies on chief complaints, inflammatory responses, initial diagnosis, location and situation of the perforation site, time to therapeutic intervention, and prognosis between the two groups. RESULTS: Compared with post-emetic type, cases of idiopathic type tended to exhibit rear-side perforation (p = 0.052) and significantly less presented chest pain (p = 0.002). Consequently, cases of idiopathic type significantly missed to diagnose as esophageal perforation compared with post-emetic type (p = 0.042). With regard to inflammatory response, cases of post-emetic type experienced hyperthermia compared with idiopathic type (p = 0.033). On the other hand, cases of idiopathic type exhibited significantly higher level of C-reactive protein than post-emetic type (p = 0.004). In addition, it took longer time until starting treatment in the cases of idiopathic type (p < 0.0001) and the cases of idiopathic type showed significantly worse prognosis than the cases of post-emetic type (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: This study first focused on the characteristics of idiopathic esophageal perforation that have been included in so-called Boerhaave's syndrome. The pathophysiology of the idiopathic type should be separately understood from post-emetic type, because the diagnostic and prognostic features largely differ.
BACKGROUND: n our previous nationwide survey report on esophageal perforation, we proposed the existence of cases with idiopathic esophageal perforation at a certain rate. AIMS: To elucidate the clinical characteristics of idiopathic esophageal perforation, we performed a comparative analysis between cases with idiopathic type and post-emetic type esophageal perforation. METHODS: This study enrolled 139 patients with esophageal perforation (post-emetic type: idiopathic type = 115:24) as the subjects of nationwide survey on esophageal perforation. We conducted detailed studies on chief complaints, inflammatory responses, initial diagnosis, location and situation of the perforation site, time to therapeutic intervention, and prognosis between the two groups. RESULTS: Compared with post-emetic type, cases of idiopathic type tended to exhibit rear-side perforation (p = 0.052) and significantly less presented chest pain (p = 0.002). Consequently, cases of idiopathic type significantly missed to diagnose as esophageal perforation compared with post-emetic type (p = 0.042). With regard to inflammatory response, cases of post-emetic type experienced hyperthermia compared with idiopathic type (p = 0.033). On the other hand, cases of idiopathic type exhibited significantly higher level of C-reactive protein than post-emetic type (p = 0.004). In addition, it took longer time until starting treatment in the cases of idiopathic type (p < 0.0001) and the cases of idiopathic type showed significantly worse prognosis than the cases of post-emetic type (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: This study first focused on the characteristics of idiopathic esophageal perforation that have been included in so-called Boerhaave's syndrome. The pathophysiology of the idiopathic type should be separately understood from post-emetic type, because the diagnostic and prognostic features largely differ.