Hui Sun1, Hanyu Wang1, Xiaolan Lian2, Chao Liu3, Bingyin Shi4, Lixin Shi5, Nanwei Tong6, Shu Wang7, Jianping Weng8, Jiajun Zhao9, Jiaoyue Zhang1, Juan Zheng1, Xiang Hu1, Yunxia Tu1, Li Yu1, Zhongyan Shan10, Weiping Teng10, Lulu Chen1. 1. Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. 2. Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China. 3. Research Center of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China. 4. Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China. 5. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China. 6. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. 7. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China. 8. Division of Life Sciences and Medicine of University of Science and Technology of China, The First Affiliation Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei 230001, China. 9. Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China. 10. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Associations between iodine intake and thyroid nodules (TNs) were not consistent. We aimed to illustrate the relationship between urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and TNs. METHODS: A total of 12,698 participants were enrolled in analysis. All of the participants filled out questionnaires and underwent physical examinations, laboratory tests, and thyroid ultrasonography. UIC, serum thyrotropin (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) were measured in the central laboratory. RESULTS: The prevalence of TNs was 16.00%, and the median UIC was 206.1 μg/L. TNs and UIC were negatively related when UIC was less than 527 μg/L (adjusted OR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80, 0.94), and the relationship between UIC and TNs was not statistically significant when UIC was greater than 527 μg/L (adjusted OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 0.98, 1.60). In women, UIC was negatively associated with risk for TNs (adjusted OR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91, 0.99). CONCLUSION: The relationship between TNs and UIC differed between men and women. The risk of TNs decreased with the elevation of UIC in men when UIC was lower than 527 μg/L, while UIC and the presence of TNs were negatively correlated in women. In the future, cohort studies or other studies that can explain causality must be conducted to explore the relationship between iodine status and TNs.
BACKGROUND: Associations between iodine intake and thyroid nodules (TNs) were not consistent. We aimed to illustrate the relationship between urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and TNs. METHODS: A total of 12,698 participants were enrolled in analysis. All of the participants filled out questionnaires and underwent physical examinations, laboratory tests, and thyroid ultrasonography. UIC, serum thyrotropin (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) were measured in the central laboratory. RESULTS: The prevalence of TNs was 16.00%, and the median UIC was 206.1 μg/L. TNs and UIC were negatively related when UIC was less than 527 μg/L (adjusted OR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80, 0.94), and the relationship between UIC and TNs was not statistically significant when UIC was greater than 527 μg/L (adjusted OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 0.98, 1.60). In women, UIC was negatively associated with risk for TNs (adjusted OR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91, 0.99). CONCLUSION: The relationship between TNs and UIC differed between men and women. The risk of TNs decreased with the elevation of UIC in men when UIC was lower than 527 μg/L, while UIC and the presence of TNs were negatively correlated in women. In the future, cohort studies or other studies that can explain causality must be conducted to explore the relationship between iodine status and TNs.