Rocio B Quinonez1, Robert G Santos2, George J Eckert3, Martha Ann Keels4, Steven Levy5, Barcey T Levy6, Richard Jackson7, Margherita Fontana8. 1. Dr. Quinonez is professor, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA;, Email: rocio_quinonez@unc.edu. 2. Dr. Santos is an assistant professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 3. Mr. Eckert is a biostatistician supervisor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind., USA. 4. Dr. Keels is an adjunct professor, Department of Pediatrics and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA. 5. Dr. S. Levy is a Wright-Bush-Shreves endowed professor of research, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, and professor, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. 6. Dr. B. T. Levy is a professor and Iowa Academy of Family Physicians endowed chair for Rural Research, Department of Family Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. 7. Dr. Jackson is an adjunct associate professor, Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind., USA. 8. Dr. Fontana is Clifford Nelson endowed professor, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., USA.
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the association between temperament and caries. Methods: A total of 408 primary caregiver-child pairs were followed for 36 months; they completed the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire Very Short-Form (ECBQ-VSF) at age four years. Demographic, behavioral, and clinical data were obtained at ages one, two-and-a-half, and four years, with caries experience assessed each time using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The ECBQ-VSF (36 items) was used to measure three child temperament domains: (1) surgency; (2) negative affect; and (3) effortful control. The associations between cavitated carious lesion experience by age four years (decayed, missing, and filled primary surfaces [dmfs] score greater than zero; d equals ICDAS score greater than or equal to three) and the three ECBQ-VSF temperament domains were analyzed using generalized estimating equation models. Results: Temperament domains predicted the number of carious surfaces (dmfs). After adjusting for covariates, every one-point increase in surgency and one-point increase in negative affect were associated with 77 percent and 31 percent increases in dmfs, respectively (P<0.05), and every one-point increase in effortful control was associated with a 39 percent decrease in dmfs (P<0.05). Conclusions: By age four years, children with higher levels of surgency and negative affect have a higher caries experience, whereas children with greater effortful control have a lower caries experience.
Purpose: To evaluate the association between temperament and caries. Methods: A total of 408 primary caregiver-child pairs were followed for 36 months; they completed the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire Very Short-Form (ECBQ-VSF) at age four years. Demographic, behavioral, and clinical data were obtained at ages one, two-and-a-half, and four years, with caries experience assessed each time using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The ECBQ-VSF (36 items) was used to measure three child temperament domains: (1) surgency; (2) negative affect; and (3) effortful control. The associations between cavitated carious lesion experience by age four years (decayed, missing, and filled primary surfaces [dmfs] score greater than zero; d equals ICDAS score greater than or equal to three) and the three ECBQ-VSF temperament domains were analyzed using generalized estimating equation models. Results: Temperament domains predicted the number of carious surfaces (dmfs). After adjusting for covariates, every one-point increase in surgency and one-point increase in negative affect were associated with 77 percent and 31 percent increases in dmfs, respectively (P<0.05), and every one-point increase in effortful control was associated with a 39 percent decrease in dmfs (P<0.05). Conclusions: By age four years, children with higher levels of surgency and negative affect have a higher caries experience, whereas children with greater effortful control have a lower caries experience.
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