Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Purpuricenus temminckii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Purpuricenus temminckii (GenBank accession number MN527358) is 15,689 bp in length, and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a putative control region. The overall base composition is A (39.56%), C (17.52%), G (10.90%), and T (32.02%), with a high AT bias of 71.58%. All tRNAs have the typical cloverleaf structure except for trnS1 and the length of them range from 62 to 71 bp. Phylogenetic tree showed that P. temminckii was clustered with three Cerambycidae species, which agree with the traditional classification.

The bamboo red longhorn beetle, Purpuricenus temminckii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a major forest pest and widely distributed in China, Korea, and Japan. The larvae of P. temminckii bore into the stem of bamboo, causing heavy damage to bamboo cultivation (Lim et al. 2014). In this study, adult specimens of P. temminckii were collected from Nanming District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China (N26°33′, E106°47′), and deposited in the insect specimen room of Guiyang University with an accession number GYU-CoL-2019002.

The complete mitogenome of P. temminckii (GenBank accession number MN527358) is 15,689 bp in length with the typical insect complement of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rrnL and rrnS), and a putative control region (Boore 1999). The gene order and orientation of P. temminckii were identical to those observed in other coleopteran mitogenomes (Liu et al. 2014; Xu et al. 2017). Fourteen genes were transcribed on the minority strand (N-strand), whereas the others were oriented on the majority strand (J-strand). The overall base composition of P. temminckii mitogenome is A (39.56%), C (17.52%), G (10.90%), and T (32.02%), with a high AT bias of 71.58%. It is significant biased towards A + T with a positive AT-skew (+0.105) and negative GC-skew (−0.233).

The P. temminckii mitogenome harbors a total of 29 bp intergenic spacer sequences, which is made up of 8 regions in the range from 1 to 17 bp. The largest intergenic spacer sequence of 17 bp is located between trnS and nad1. Gene overlaps were found at 14 gene junctions and involved a total of 41 bp, the longest 8 bp overlapping located between trnY and cox1. The length of 22 tRNAs varied between 62 bp (trnC) and 71 bp (trnK and trnV), comprising a total of 1448 bp. All tRNAs can be folded into the typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS that the dihydrouridine arm forms a simple loop, which is similar to previous reports in other animal mitogenomes (Wolstenholme 1992; Yang et al. 2016). The rrnL is 1271 bp in length with A + T content of 74.67%, and the rrnS is 776 bp in length with A + T content of 70.49%. The 1058 bp control region is located between rrnS and trnI, and has a remarkably high A + T content (80.62%).

Eleven PCGs initiate with ATN as the start codons (ATG for atp6, cox3, cob, nad4, and nad4L; ATT for atp8, nad2, nad3, and nad5; ATC for cox2; ATA for nad6), however, cox1 and nad1 use ACC and TTG as start codons, respectively. Ten PCGs end with two types of complete stop codons, TAG (atp8, cob, nad1, and nad3) and TAA (atp6, cox1, nad2, nad4, nad4L, and nad6). The remaining PCGs ended with incomplete stop codon (T), including cox2, cox3, and nad5. Based on the concatenated amino acid sequences of 13 PCGs, the neighbor-joining method was used to construct the phylogenetic relationship of P. temminckii with 14 other representative beetles. The result showed that P. temminckii is clustered with three Cerambycidae species (Figure 1), which agree with the traditional classification.

Figure 1.

Phylogenetic tree showing the relationship between P. temminckii and 14 other beetles based on neighbor-joining method. GenBank accession numbers used in the study are as follows: Anoplophora glabripennis (NC_008221), Batocera lineolata (NC_022671), Crioceris duodecimpunctata (NC_003372), Diabrotica barberi (NC_022935), Diabrotica virgifera (KF658070), Eucryptorhynchus brandti (NC_025945), Hylobitelus xiaoi (NC_022680), Lasioderma serricorne (NC_038197), Naupactus xanthographus (KP306789), Psacothea hilaris (NC_013070), Stegobium paniceum (NC_036678), Tetrancychus urticae (EU345430), Tenebrio molitor (NC_024633), Tribolium audax (NC_024600), and Tribolium castaneum (NC_003081). Tetrancychus urticae was used as an outgroup. Beetle determined in this study is underlined.