Complete mitochondrial genome of Dahlica (Dahlica) ochrostigma Roh and Byun, 2018 (Lepidoptera: Psychidae).

We, herein, report the complete mitochondrial genome of Dahlica (Dahlica) ochrostigma. This species' genome has a total length of 15,429 bp (GenBank accession number: MK890245), consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and an A + T rich control region. The nucleotide composition is 39.1% T, 42.8% A, 11.1% C, and 7.0% G. This is the first report of a complete mitochondrial genome of the subfamily Naryciinae, and this mitogenomic sequence can be used as a reference for phylogenetic studies on the family Psychidae.

A recent phylogenetic analysis placed the family Psychidae in the superfamily Tineoidea, with the families Eriocottidae, Tineidae, Meessiidae, and Dryadaulidae as sister groups (Regier et al. 2015). The genus Dahlica belongs to Psychidae, and its type species is Dahlica larviformis Enderlein, 1912, described by Enderlein in 1912. A total of 44 species of Dahlica have been described worldwide, most of them from the Palaearctic region in Europe (41 species) and Asia (three species) (Arnscheid and Weidlich 2017; Roh et al. 2018). Moreover, the genus Dahlica and four of its sister genera—Siederia Meier, 1957, Brevantennia Sieder, 1953, Postsolenobia Meier, 1958, and Praesolenobia Sieder, 1955—were reviewed; as a result, these four genera were placed as subgenera of Dahlica on the basis of the venation of male hindwings, male forewing scale morphology, presence of an epiphysis in males, structure of reproductive organs, and female antennae.

In the present study, specimens of Dahlica (Dahlica) ochrostigma were collected from Daejeon, South Korea (36.34560556, 127.2897222) in February 2019. These specimens were deposited in the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Hannam University (SEL/HNU), Daejeon, South Korea (sample number: HNUE-RSJ151). The complete mitochondrial genome of these specimens was sequenced with Illumina Hiseq (Macrogen, Inc., Seoul, Korea). A total of 14,368,758 reads were assembled in Geneious Prime (Kearse et al. 2012), generating a 2,169,682,458-base pair sequence. Gene annotation was performed and circularity was checked using the MITOS2 webserver (Bernt et al. 2013, http://mitos.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de/).

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of D. (D.) ochrostigma (Genbank accession number MK890245) has a total length of 15,429 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA, two rRNA genes, and an AT-rich control region. The mitogenome contains 39.1% T, 42.8% A, 11.1% C, and 7.0% G, besides a high A + T content. All of the protein coding genes have ATN as the start codon except for cox1, which starts with TTG. The A + T-rich region is 411 bp long.

The phylogenetic position of D. (D.) ochrostigma was inferred using amino acid sequences of the 13 PCGs of 11 species from 5 superfamilies, including two species from Psychidae (which were used as ingroups) and six species from three superfamilies (used as sister groups). Among the latter, one species from Tischerioidea (Astrotischeria sp.) and one from Nepiculoidea (Stigmella roborella Johansson)—whose sequences were obtained from Genbank—were selected as outgroups based on the results of Jeong et al. (2018). The Maximum-likelihood analysis (Figure 1) indicated that D. (D.) ochrostigma is a distinct species within Tineoidea and that Psychidae is sister to Tineidae.

Figure 1.

Phylogenetic tree resulting from the maximum-likelihood analysis of concatenated amino acid sequences of 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes of D. (D.) ochrostigma and other glossatan species. The numbers beside the nodes indicate percentages of 1000 bootstrap values. Stigmella roborella (Nepticuloidea) and Astrotischeria sp. (Tischerioidea) were used as outgroups. Alphanumeric terms indicate GenBank accession numbers: KJ508054, KJ508056, KJ508045, KY856825, AP018693, KM874804, JF911819, JN790955, KJ508042, and KJ508044.

A support value of 100% was found in the clade formed by D. (D.) ochrostigma and the other Psychidae species. Also, a lower support value was found in the clade formed by Psychidae and Tineidae species. Additional mitogenome sequences are required to infer the precise relationships among groups of Tineoidea.

Nucleotide sequence accession number

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of D. (D.) ochrostigma was deposited in GenBank under the accession number MK890245.