Design and implementation of a high-performance panoramic annular lens.

In this work, a high-performance panoramic annular lens system designed with a point-by-point method and variable parameter optimization strategies is proposed. Due to the optimization and design, the system maintains a balance among characteristic parameters and can achieve a 360∘×(40∘-95∘) field of view with a 4.34 mm focal length, an f-number of 4.5, and an F-θ distortion of less than 0.5%. Experimental results verify the parameters and demonstrate that the distortion is less than 0.8%, except in some areas with mechanical damage on the ogive surface.