Willingness to participate in take-out packaging waste recycling: Relationship among effort level, advertising effect, subsidy and penalty.

The resource and environmental problems caused by the accumulation of take-out packaging waste have attracted wide concern and the management has become a critical need. To this end, a tripartite game model of governments, consumers and take-out platforms was built to analyze the dynamic evolution process of behavioral choice and to explore the effects of advertising, government policies and effort level on the waste system. The results showed that (1) the effort level expended by government and take-out platforms had different mechanisms for the evolution path of the system. A positive correlation existed between governments' effort levels and evolution speed, while the correlation with the effort level in take-out platforms was negative. (2) The advertising effect positively promoted the evolution path of governments and take-out platforms. (3) The governments' subsidies and penalties for consumers and take-out platforms had a significant positive impact on the evolution path of the two. This study provides a new perspective for the research on take-out packaging waste recycling and the conclusions can provide a reference for governments to formulate effective take-out waste management policies.