Oscar Jalnefjord1,2, Patrick Pettersson1,2, Lukas Lundholm1, Maria Ljungberg3,4. 1. Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. 2. Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, MRI Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna stråket 13, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden. 3. Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. maria.ljungberg@gu.se. 4. Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, MRI Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna stråket 13, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden. maria.ljungberg@gu.se.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the need for inclusion of shaped RF pulses and magnetic field gradients in simulations of basis sets for the analysis of proton MR spectra of single voxels of the brain acquired with a semi-LASER pulse sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRS basis sets where simulated at different echo times with hard RF pulses as well as with shaped RF pulses without or with magnetic field gradients included. The influence on metabolite concentration quantification was assessed using both phantom and in vivo measurements. For comparison, simulations and measurements were performed with the PRESS pulse sequence. RESULTS: The effect of including gradients in the simulations was smaller for semi-LASER than for PRESS, however, still noticeable. The difference was larger for strongly coupled metabolites and at longer echo times. Metabolite quantification using semi-LASER was thereby less dependent on the inclusion of gradients than PRESS, which was seen in both phantom and in vivo measurements. DISCUSSION: The inclusion of the shaped RF pulses and magnetic field gradients in the simulation of basis sets for semi-LASER is only important for strongly coupled metabolites. If computational time is a limiting factor, simple simulations with hard RF pulses can provide almost as accurate metabolite quantification as those that include the chemical-shift related displacement.
OBJECTIVE: To study the need for inclusion of shaped RF pulses and magnetic field gradients in simulations of basis sets for the analysis of proton MR spectra of single voxels of the brain acquired with a semi-LASER pulse sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRS basis sets where simulated at different echo times with hard RF pulses as well as with shaped RF pulses without or with magnetic field gradients included. The influence on metabolite concentration quantification was assessed using both phantom and in vivo measurements. For comparison, simulations and measurements were performed with the PRESS pulse sequence. RESULTS: The effect of including gradients in the simulations was smaller for semi-LASER than for PRESS, however, still noticeable. The difference was larger for strongly coupled metabolites and at longer echo times. Metabolite quantification using semi-LASER was thereby less dependent on the inclusion of gradients than PRESS, which was seen in both phantom and in vivo measurements. DISCUSSION: The inclusion of the shaped RF pulses and magnetic field gradients in the simulation of basis sets for semi-LASER is only important for strongly coupled metabolites. If computational time is a limiting factor, simple simulations with hard RF pulses can provide almost as accurate metabolite quantification as those that include the chemical-shift related displacement.
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