BACKGROUND: Pain on injection is a well-recognized adverse event of propofol administration for the stimulation of general anesthesia. Pre-treatment with lidocaine or flurbiprofen axetil has proven to be effectual in the reduction propofol-induced pain in adults. Nonetheless, only few studies have evaluated the clinical therapeutic effects of lidocaine combination with flurbiprofen axetil to prevent pain on injection of propofol. The current study aims to evaluate the clinical therapeutic effects of lidocaine combination with flurbiprofen axetil to reduce pain on injection of propofol among adult patients. METHODS: The literature search will be conducted from their inception to November 2020 from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases without date or geographical restrictions. However, language will be restricted to publications in English and Chinese. Two authors will independently screen abstracts and titles of all papers to determine whether to include or exclude them. The authors will also study characteristic and outcomes of data extraction and carry out risk of bias assessment. We plan to use either a fixed-effects or random-effects model to estimate the risk ratios (RR) or mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) together with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: This study will provide high-quality evidence for the clinical therapeutic effects of lidocaine combination with flurbiprofen axetil for reducing pain on injection of propofol in adult patients. CONCLUSION: This study will summarize current evidence for the management of pain on injection of propofol in adult patients and provide guidance for both intervention and future research. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Since no data collection will be involved, there is no need for an ethics approval. REGISTRATION NUMBER: November 17, 2020.osf.io/72tpj/. (https://osf.io/72tpj/).
BACKGROUND: Pain on injection is a well-recognized adverse event of propofol administration for the stimulation of general anesthesia. Pre-treatment with lidocaine or flurbiprofen axetil has proven to be effectual in the reduction propofol-induced pain in adults. Nonetheless, only few studies have evaluated the clinical therapeutic effects of lidocaine combination with flurbiprofen axetil to prevent pain on injection of propofol. The current study aims to evaluate the clinical therapeutic effects of lidocaine combination with flurbiprofen axetil to reduce pain on injection of propofol among adult patients. METHODS: The literature search will be conducted from their inception to November 2020 from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases without date or geographical restrictions. However, language will be restricted to publications in English and Chinese. Two authors will independently screen abstracts and titles of all papers to determine whether to include or exclude them. The authors will also study characteristic and outcomes of data extraction and carry out risk of bias assessment. We plan to use either a fixed-effects or random-effects model to estimate the risk ratios (RR) or mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) together with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: This study will provide high-quality evidence for the clinical therapeutic effects of lidocaine combination with flurbiprofen axetil for reducing pain on injection of propofol in adult patients. CONCLUSION: This study will summarize current evidence for the management of pain on injection of propofol in adult patients and provide guidance for both intervention and future research. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Since no data collection will be involved, there is no need for an ethics approval. REGISTRATION NUMBER: November 17, 2020.osf.io/72tpj/. (https://osf.io/72tpj/).