Long Tran1,2, Guri Greiff2,3, Alexander Wahba3,4, Hilde Pleym3,5, Vibeke Videm1,6. 1. Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. 2. Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. 3. Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. 4. Clinic of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. 5. Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. 6. Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim was to compare the relative effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and preoperative anaemia on 5-year mortality following open-heart cardiac surgery using structural equation modelling. We hypothesized that patient risk factors associated with RBC transfusion are of larger importance than transfusion itself. METHODS: This prospective cohort study, part of the Cardiac Surgery Outcome Study at St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, included open-heart on-pump cardiac surgery patients operated on from 2000 through 2017 (n = 9315). Structural equation modelling, which allows for intervariable correlations, was used to analyse pathway diagrams between known risk factors and observed mortality between 30 days and 5 years postoperatively. Observation times between 30 days and 1 year, and 1-5 years postoperatively were also compared with the main analysis. RESULTS: In a simplified model, preoperative anaemia had a larger effect on 5-year mortality than RBC transfusion (standardized coefficients: 0.17 vs 0.09). The complete model including multiple risk factors showed that patient risk factors such as age (0.15), anaemia (0.10), pulmonary disease (0.11) and higher creatinine level (0.12) had larger effects than transfusion (0.03). Results from several sensitivity analyses supported the main findings. The models showed good fit. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative anaemia had a larger impact on 5-year mortality than RBC transfusion. Differences in 5-year mortality were mainly associated with patient risk factors.
OBJECTIVES: The aim was to compare the relative effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and preoperative anaemia on 5-year mortality following open-heart cardiac surgery using structural equation modelling. We hypothesized that patient risk factors associated with RBC transfusion are of larger importance than transfusion itself. METHODS: This prospective cohort study, part of the Cardiac Surgery Outcome Study at St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, included open-heart on-pump cardiac surgery patients operated on from 2000 through 2017 (n = 9315). Structural equation modelling, which allows for intervariable correlations, was used to analyse pathway diagrams between known risk factors and observed mortality between 30 days and 5 years postoperatively. Observation times between 30 days and 1 year, and 1-5 years postoperatively were also compared with the main analysis. RESULTS: In a simplified model, preoperative anaemia had a larger effect on 5-year mortality than RBC transfusion (standardized coefficients: 0.17 vs 0.09). The complete model including multiple risk factors showed that patient risk factors such as age (0.15), anaemia (0.10), pulmonary disease (0.11) and higher creatinine level (0.12) had larger effects than transfusion (0.03). Results from several sensitivity analyses supported the main findings. The models showed good fit. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative anaemia had a larger impact on 5-year mortality than RBC transfusion. Differences in 5-year mortality were mainly associated with patient risk factors.
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