Farhad Ali Khattak1, Khalid Rehman2, Muhammad Shahzad2, Numan Arif2, Naeem Ullah3, Zeeshan Kibria2, Muhammad Arshad4, Saima Afaq5, Arsalan Khan Ibrahimzai6, Zia Ul Haq2. 1. Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Electronic address: farhadkcd@gmail.com. 2. Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. 3. Saidu Medical College, Swat, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. 4. EPI Programme, Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. 5. Saima Afaq School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK. Electronic address: s.afaq11@imperial.ac.uk. 6. North West General Hospital and Research Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the vaccination refusal rate, associated factors and perceptions of parents who refused routine immunization for their children using the World Health Organization (WHO) SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy Survey Tool. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using multi-stage cluster sampling in Bannu District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan from March 2019 to July 2019. A WHO validated questionaire was used. The outcome variable was parental refusal of routine immunization of their children. Logistic regression was performed for associations, and multi-regression was applied to identify any confounders. RESULTS: Of 610 parents, 170 (27.9%) refused vaccination of their children. Of these, the majority of mothers had no education [n = 145 (85.3%); p = 0.03], and mothers were less likely to own a mobile phone than fathers [24 (14.1%) vs 152 (89.4%); p ≤ 0.001]. The vaccination refusal rate was higher in parents with food security [n = 88 (51.8%)] compared with parents with minimal food insecurity [n = 62 (36.5%)] and high food insecurity [20 (11.8%); p ≤ 0.05)]. On multi-variate logistic regression, fathers who were employed [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37-0.94; p = 0.02] and had a high level of education (adjusted OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08-0.50; p ≤ 0.001) were less likely to refuse vaccination of their children. Parents with high food insecurity were more likely to refuse vaccination of their children (adjusted OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-0.50; p = 0.04) compared with parents with minimal food insecurity (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.5; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The vaccination refusal rate was very high among parents, and this was associated with inability to read or write, no education, owning a mobile phone, unemployment and food security. Crown
OBJECTIVE: To determine the vaccination refusal rate, associated factors and perceptions of parents who refused routine immunization for their children using the World Health Organization (WHO) SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy Survey Tool. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using multi-stage cluster sampling in Bannu District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan from March 2019 to July 2019. A WHO validated questionaire was used. The outcome variable was parental refusal of routine immunization of their children. Logistic regression was performed for associations, and multi-regression was applied to identify any confounders. RESULTS: Of 610 parents, 170 (27.9%) refused vaccination of their children. Of these, the majority of mothers had no education [n = 145 (85.3%); p = 0.03], and mothers were less likely to own a mobile phone than fathers [24 (14.1%) vs 152 (89.4%); p ≤ 0.001]. The vaccination refusal rate was higher in parents with food security [n = 88 (51.8%)] compared with parents with minimal food insecurity [n = 62 (36.5%)] and high food insecurity [20 (11.8%); p ≤ 0.05)]. On multi-variate logistic regression, fathers who were employed [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37-0.94; p = 0.02] and had a high level of education (adjusted OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08-0.50; p ≤ 0.001) were less likely to refuse vaccination of their children. Parents with high food insecurity were more likely to refuse vaccination of their children (adjusted OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-0.50; p = 0.04) compared with parents with minimal food insecurity (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.5; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The vaccination refusal rate was very high among parents, and this was associated with inability to read or write, no education, owning a mobile phone, unemployment and food security. Crown
Authors: Abdul Moeed; Hala Najeeb; Arisha Saleem; Muhammad Sohaib Asghar; Hania Mansoor Rafi; Abdullah Khan Khattak; Zoha Bilal; Binyam Tariku Seboka Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2022-06-30
Authors: Rano K Sinuraya; Arif S W Kusuma; Zinzi E Pardoel; Maarten J Postma; Auliya A Suwantika Journal: Patient Prefer Adherence Date: 2022-01-14 Impact factor: 2.711