Allison Metts1, Julia Yarrington1, Craig Enders1, Constance Hammen1, Susan Mineka2, Richard Zinbarg2, Michelle G Craske3. 1. University of California, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. 2. Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, 2029 Sheridan Road, Swift Hall 102, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. 3. University of California, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. Electronic address: MCraske@mednet.ucla.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Stressful life experiences and personality can influence one another. Personality may contribute to the amount and type of stress individuals experience, which is referred to as a selection effect. Life stress may also impact one's personality, which is referred to as a socialization effect. It was hypothesized that neuroticism would predict increased chronic and episodic stress (selection effect) and that chronic and episodic stress would predict increased neuroticism (socialization effect). METHODS: The current study investigated selection and socialization effects of neuroticism and life stress over a three-year period in 627 adolescents. Life stress data were examined in terms of duration (chronic versus episodic) and type (interpersonal versus non-interpersonal). Episodic stress data were examined as dependent or independent. RESULTS: The results from ten cross-lagged panel models provided some evidence for significant selection and socialization effects depending on stress type. Over three years, we observed that neuroticism increases interpersonal chronic stress and non-interpersonal stressful events (selection effects) and that dependent non-interpersonal stressful events and chronic stress increase neuroticism (socialization effects). LIMITATIONS: Study limitations include a lack of a lifespan perspective and a statistical approach that does not differentiate between- from within-person variance. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest the value of attending to stress response as well as targeting neuroticism in prevention and intervention approaches in adolescents.
BACKGROUND: Stressful life experiences and personality can influence one another. Personality may contribute to the amount and type of stress individuals experience, which is referred to as a selection effect. Life stress may also impact one's personality, which is referred to as a socialization effect. It was hypothesized that neuroticism would predict increased chronic and episodic stress (selection effect) and that chronic and episodic stress would predict increased neuroticism (socialization effect). METHODS: The current study investigated selection and socialization effects of neuroticism and life stress over a three-year period in 627 adolescents. Life stress data were examined in terms of duration (chronic versus episodic) and type (interpersonal versus non-interpersonal). Episodic stress data were examined as dependent or independent. RESULTS: The results from ten cross-lagged panel models provided some evidence for significant selection and socialization effects depending on stress type. Over three years, we observed that neuroticism increases interpersonal chronic stress and non-interpersonal stressful events (selection effects) and that dependent non-interpersonal stressful events and chronic stress increase neuroticism (socialization effects). LIMITATIONS: Study limitations include a lack of a lifespan perspective and a statistical approach that does not differentiate between- from within-person variance. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest the value of attending to stress response as well as targeting neuroticism in prevention and intervention approaches in adolescents.
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